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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 29;181(4):322–329. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230376

TABLE 1.

Comparison of samples in a study of risk for psychopathology among the children of parents with alcohol use disorder with the general Swedish populationa

Offspring DS
Measure Population Sample (N=2,071,848) Study Sample (N=1,244,516) Population Sample (N=3,228,061) Study Sample (N=l,445,225)
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Year of birth 1980.0 6.3 1979.9 6.1 1949.4 8.6 1949.9 8.1
Age at follow-up (years) 37.4 7.0 37.7 6.8 67.6 8.8 67.6 7.9
N % N % N % N %
Male 1,063,922 51.4 645,815 51.9 1,633,359 50.6 722,597 50.0
Highest level of education
 Presecondary education 146,346 7.1 57,077 4.6 792,482 24.5 320,358 22.2
 Secondary education 887,261 42.8 497,345 40.0 1,405,001 43.5 654,080 45.3
 Postsecondary education 1,023,455 49.4 683,633 54.9 1,019,391 31.6 470,627 32.6
 Not available 14,567 0.7 6,461 0.5 5,624 0.2 160 0.0
Born in Sweden 2,071,848 100 1,244,516 100 2,967,551 91.9 1,322,247 91.5
Birth region among those born in Swedenb
 Stockholm County 396,314 19.1 209,950 16.9 436,527 14.7 167,590 12.7
 Northern Sweden 289,603 14.0 178,088 14.3 557,584 18.8 245,056 18.5
 Central Sweden 389,959 18.8 230,670 18.5 566,939 19.1 246,574 18.6
 Southern Sweden 995,667 48.1 625,804 50.3 1,403,137 47.3 662,968 50.1
a

The offspring study sample was compared with the sample of all individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 1990 who were followed up until at least age 15. To produce a comparative sample from the general Swedish population for the parents in the study sample, we included individuals (parents and nonparents) born between the years 1935 and 1964, which covered 95% of the birth years in the parental study sample. To ensure data availability, the individuals had to have been followed up until at least 1995 and did not immigrate to Sweden after 1979.

b

Definition of birth regions: northern Sweden: Norrbotten, Västerbotten, Jämtland, Västernorrland, and Gävleborg counties; central Sweden: Dalarna, Västmanland, Örebro, Värmland, Uppsala, and Södermanland counties; southern Sweden: Östergötland, Jönköping, Kronoberg, Halland, Västra Götaland, Kalmar, Gotland, Blekinge, and Skåne counties.