Table 1.
Distributions of nursing personnel, patients, and nurses' perceptions for four weeks (M ± SD).
| Variables | Total (overall) | Weekday (n = 120 days) | Weekend (n = 48 days) | t (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nursing personnel (n = 90) | |||||
| Average tenure of RNs in a day (year) | 3.76 ± 0.85 | 3.78 ± 0.84 | 3.72 ± 0.89 | 0.43 (0.667) | |
| Distributions of patients based on unit level (n = 5,536) | |||||
| Number of inpatients per day in a ward | 32.95 ± 8.40 | 34.83 ± 7.85 | 28.27 ± 7.95 | 4.87 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Group 1 (KPCS-GW score 1–5) | 7.23 ± 7.02 | 7.24 ± 7.08 | 7.19 ± 6.96 | 0.05 (0.964) | |
| Group 2 (KPCS-GW score 6–10) | 8.64 ± 6.39 | 9.03 ± 6.59 | 7.69 ± 5.78 | 1.23 (0.221) | |
| Group 3 (KPCS-GW score 11–15) | 8.40 ± 4.81 | 9.34 ± 5.00 | 6.04 ± 3.29 | 4.22 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Group 4 (KPCS-GW score 16–20) | 4.65 ± 4.72 | 5.16 ± 4.69 | 3.40 ± 4.59 | 2.21 (0.028∗) | |
| Group 5 (KPCS-GW score ≥21) | 4.03 ± 4.98 | 4.06 ± 4.87 | 3.96 ± 5.29 | 0.12 (0.907) | |
| Average scores of the KPCS-GW (weighting coefficient) | 11.56 ± 7.33 | 11.62 ± 7.14 | 11.40 ± 7.89 | 0.97 (0.334) | |
| Group 1 (KPCS-GW score 1–5) | 3.34 ± 1.32 (1) | 3.36 ± 1.32 (1) | 3.29 ± 1.30 (1) | 0.92 (0.359) | |
| Group 2 (KPCS-GW score 6–10) | 7.80 ± 1.40 (2.34) | 7.80 ± 1.41 (2.32) | 7.83 ± 1.39 (2.38) | −0.39 (0.693) | |
| Group 3 (KPCS-GW score 11–15) | 12.78 ± 1.42 (3.82) | 12.77 ± 1.43 (3.80) | 12.80 ± 1.40 (3.90) | −0.32 (0.749) | |
| Group 4 (KPCS-GW score 16–20) | 17.61 ± 1.34 (5.27) | 17.54 ± 1.33 (5.22) | 17.88 ± 1.34 (5.44) | −2.92 (0.004∗∗) | |
| Group 5 (KPCS-GW score ≥21) | 24.86 ± 7.21 (7.44) | 24.65 ± 7.13 (7.33) | 25.39 ± 7.39 (7.73) | −1.20 (0.231) | |
| Number of patient turnover per day | 11.90 ± 5.83 | 14.28 ± 4.81 | 5.85 ± 3.27 | 11.03 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Admission/discharge | 9.94 ± 5.59 | 11.98 ± 5.01 | 4.85 ± 3.27 | 9.09 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Transfer in/out | 1.89 ± 1.95 | 2.30 ± 2.10 | 0.88 ± 0.89 | 4.53 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Perceptions of registered nurses | |||||
| Perceived insufficient nurse staffing (−10 ≤ +10) | 2.95 ± 2.72 | 3.43 ± 2.70 | 1.72 ± 2.36 | 3.80 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Fatigue at the end of shift (0 ≤ +10) | 7.04 ± 1.44 | 7.40 ± 1.33 | 6.12 ± 1.30 | 5.66 (<0.001∗∗) | |
| Perceived nursing care quality (1 ≤ 4) | 2.12 ± 0.51 | 2.02 ± 0.43 | 2.38 ± 0.60 | −4.28 (<0.001∗∗) | |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; p, level of statistical significance. ∗Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). ∗∗Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).