Table 2.

. Antagonistic activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against foodborne pathogens.

Species Name	Types	Antagonistic Activity	Observation	Reference
E. coli	Bacteria	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	Silver nanoparticles coated with antibiotics show improved inhibition zones.	(Lee et al., 2019)
Thermophilic Bacillus species	Bacteria	Salmonella typhi E. coli	Zone of inhibition: 22 mm.	(Deljou & Goudarzi, 2016)
Pseudoduganella eburnea MAHUQ-39	Bacteria	S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa	MICs: 3.12 μg/mL (S. aureus) and 12.5 μg/mL (P. aeruginosa); MBCs: 6.25 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL.	(M.A.Huq, 2020)
Chlorella vulgaris	Algae	S. aureus	Inhibition was observed at 50 μg/mL.	(Soleimani & Habibi-Pirkoohi, 2017)
Sargassum wightii	Algae	S. aureus, Bacillus rhizoids, E. coli, P.aeruginosa	Inhibition zone: 8–15 mm, varying with concentration (20–50 μL).	(Rajivgandhi et al., 2021)
Sargassum polycystum	Algae	P.aeruginosa, E.coli, S.aureus	Zone of inhibition: 23 mm.	(Mandal et al., 2023)
Turbinaria conoides	Algae	S. liquefaciens, Aeromonas hydrophila	Inhibition zone: 32 mm at 100 μL.	(Oktaviani et al., 2019)
Oscillatoria limnetica	Algae	E. coli B.cereus	Inhibition zone: 38 mm at 100 μL.	(Hamouda et al., 2019b)
Rice Starch	Biomolecule	S. aureus Streptococcus mutans	MIC: 5.7 × 10−12 mol/L.	(Abbaszadegan et al., 2015)
Ficus benghalensis	Plant	Dental pathogens	Inhibition zones: 15 mm (S. mutans) and 18 mm (L. acidophilus) at 250 μg.	(Manikandan et al., 2017)
Lysiloma acapulcensis	Plant	S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.	Antibacterial activity observed.	(Garibo et al., 2020)
Phyllanthus emblica	Plant	Acidovorax oryzae	Inhibition zones: 18 mm (E. coli), 16 mm (S. aureus), and 15 mm (P. aeruginosa).	(Khan et al., 2013)
Phyla dulcis	Plant	Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, S. aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes	Inhibition: 10–12 mm zone.	(McMurray et al., 2020)
Cucumis prophetarum	Plant	S. aureus, S. typhi	Inhibition observed against S. typhi.	(Hemlata, 2020)
Glycyrrhiza Glabra Amphipterygium adstringens	Plant	Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans	At 1 mM: 78 % fungal growth inhibition (AgNPs).	(Rodríguez-Luis et al., 2016)
Pu-erh tea leaf extract	Plant	Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae	MIC for AgNPs: 3.9–7.8 μg/mL.	(Loo et al., 2018a)
Murraya koenigii leaves	Plant	S. aureus E. coli	MIC: 32 μg/mL (MRSA/MSSA), 32–64 μg/mL (ESβL-E. coli).	(Qais et al., 2019)
Caltropis procera	Plant	Vibrio cholerae E. coli	Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs show antibacterial activity.	(Salem et al., 2015)
Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract	Plant	E. coli, S.aureus	AgNPs show stronger antibacterial effects against S. aureus.	(Vanlalveni et al., 2021)
Fusarium scirpi	Fungi	Escherichia coli	MIC: 25 mg/mL against planktonic UPEC cells.	(Rodríguez-Serrano et al., 2020)
Penicillium polonicum	Fungi	Acinetobacter baumanii	Inhibition zone: 21.2 ± 0.4 mm.	(Neethu et al., 2018)
Aspergillus terreus Paecilomyces lilacinus Fusarium sp.	Fungi	S. aureus, S. enterica and Streptococcus pyogenes	Inhibition zones: 14–20 mm.	(Choi & Ahsan, 2022)
Fusarium acuminatum	Fungi	S. aureus, S. typhi, S. epidermidis and E. coli	Inhibition zones are higher than antibiotics, showing superior antimicrobial activity.	(Durán et al., 2016)
Penicillium notatum	Fungi	E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes	Clear distinction in antimicrobial effectiveness between AgNPs from P. funiculosum GS2 and A. solani GS1, based on inhibition zone.	(Singh et al., 2014)
Aspergillus niger and aspergillus terrus	Fungi	S. aureus and E. coli	MRSA showed a significant zone of inhibition (20 mm) with AgNPs, while MRSE showed a slightly smaller inhibition zone (19 mm).	(Barakat & Gohar, 2012; Nanda & Saravanan, 2009)