Fig. 1. Baseline characteristics, maternal and infant anthropometry, and sample collection timeline.
Pie charts depict the baseline characteristics of the study participants, including health center, ethnicity, religion, education level, food insecurity, number of jobs, parity, and anemia for each group. Box plots present other measures, such as the age of the participants, BMI, height, weight, hemoglobin levels, and wealth index, along with minimum dietary diversity score and gestational weight gain during pregnancy. Birth outcomes are displayed using box plots and bar plots. Infant anthropometry data are presented as growth curves for weight, length, and corresponding Z-scores (WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ) during the first six months of life, comparing the intervention and control groups. Box plots indicate median (middle line), 25th, 75th percentile (box), and the smallest and largest values within 1.5 × interquartile range (IQR) from the box (whiskers). Data points beyond this range are considered outliers (single points). Data in line plots are presented as mean ± standard error. BMI body mass index, GWG gestational weight gain, MDDW minimum dietary diversity for women, Pn12 postnatal 1–2 months, Pn56 postnatal 5–6 months, Tri2 trimester 2, Tri3 trimester 3, LAZ length-for-age Z-score, WAZ weight-for-age Z-score, WLZ weight-for-length Z-score.