Table 2.
Overall profile of plasma immune mediators in leprosy patients, leprosy reactions patients, household contacts and non-infected healthy controls.
| Immune Mediators | Study Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NI (n=18) | HHC (n=7) | L(PB) (n=14) | L(MB) (n=13) | T1LR (n=12) | T2LR (n=11) | ||
| Chemokines | CCL11 | 24.5 (12-35) |
23.4 (4-48) |
30.4 (8-59) |
12.9 (5-45) |
43.5 (17-61) |
40.3 (13-63) |
| CXCL8 | 1.4 (0.8-2) |
97.9 a
(68-193) |
33.1 a
(2-218) |
54.2 a
(2-299) |
6.4 a
(4-39) |
8.2 a
(3-137) |
|
| CCL3 | 0.9 (0.6-0.9) |
4.7 a
(3-29) |
3.2 a
(1.3-7) |
13.5 a,c
(2-39) |
5.4 a
(2-8) |
7.2 a,c
(6-8) |
|
| CCL4 | 4.9 (4-7) |
26.8 a
(11-39) |
11.0 a,b
(6-23) |
19.7 a,c
(12-39) |
15.9 a
(8-21) |
19.6 a,c
(16-25) |
|
| CCL2 | 10.4 (7-22) |
15.9 (11-19) |
13.1 (8-22) |
15.0 (6-37) |
11.7 (4-31) |
6.5 (3-43) |
|
| CCL5 | 372.3 (225-463) |
555.1 a,d
(441-680) |
502.2 a,d
(353-652) |
340.6 (263-433) |
393.4 (252-523) |
507.9 a,d
(358-570) |
|
| CXCL10 | 85.4 (53-124) |
103.9 (88-135) |
240.5 a,b
(115-418) |
326.6 a,b,c
(194-1129) |
415.3 a,b,c
(221-1077) |
445.1 a,b,c
(162-793) |
|
| Pro-inflammatory Cytokines | IL-1β | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) |
0.5 a
(0.1-0.9) |
0.3 a
(0.1-0.3) |
0.2 a
(0-0.3) |
0.2 a
(0.1-0.4) |
0.2 a
(0.1-0.3) |
| IL-6 | 0.2 (0-0.3) |
0.3 (0.1-0.6) |
0.4 a
(0.3-0.6) |
0.5 a
(0-0.7) |
0.4 a
(0.1-0.7) |
0.5 a
(0.2-0.5) |
|
| TNF-α | 1.6 (0.2-1.8) |
3.4 a
(2-3) |
1.9 a
(0.3-4) |
2.5 a
(1.4-9) |
2.2 a
(0.8-2) |
4.0 a,b,e
(2-7) |
|
| IL-12 | 0.1 (0-0.2) |
0.1 (0-1) |
0.1 (0-3) |
0.1 (0-1.3) |
0.1 (0-0.2) |
0.1 (0-0.9) |
|
| IFN-γ | 0.5 (0.2-1.3) |
3.5 a
(0.9-5) |
1.2 a
(0.8-5) |
2.1 a
(0-4) |
2.6 a
(0.8-3) |
4.5 a,b,e
(2-9) |
|
| IL-15 | 47.5 (17-59) |
49.9 (39-93) |
57.2 (44-84) |
66.6 (15-84) |
66.5 a
(14-107) |
71 a
(56-97) |
|
| IL-17 | 4.6 (1-6) |
5.1 a
(3-12) |
4.3 a
(0.9-13) |
3.6 (0.5-7) |
7.2 a
(1.6-16) |
9.3 a,d
(4-10) |
|
| Regulatory Cytokines | IL-1Ra | 61.5 (47-82) |
162.6 a
(139-289) |
105.9 a
(61-323) |
72.2 a
(48-238) |
142.5 a
(84-232) |
178.2 a
(102-443) |
| IL-4 | 1.4 (0.7-2) |
0.9 (0.5-2) |
1.7 (0.5-2) |
1.1 (0.1-2) |
2.0 (0.9-2) |
1.5 (0.8-2) |
|
| IL-5 | 8.0 (4-13) |
5.5 (4-15) |
9.6 (5-13) |
6.8 (2-19) |
11.9 a
(8-18) |
10 a
(8-12) |
|
| IL-9 | 5.8 (2-7) |
8.7 a
(5-9) |
7.8 a
(6-13) |
7.6 a
(4-22) |
4.1 b,c,f
(0.6-8) |
10.4 a
(7-19) |
|
| IL-10 | 3.9 (2-6) |
3.3 (1-6) |
5.4 (3-16) |
3.4 (1.4-7) |
6.9 (2-11) |
7.8 (2-9) |
|
| IL-13 | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) |
0.4 (0-1.2) |
0.9 a
(0.4-2) |
0.9 (0.1-1.5) |
1.1 a,b
(0.4-1.9) |
0.7 (0.4-1.4) |
|
| Growth Factors | FGF-basic | 4.1 (2-7) |
5.5 (4-6) |
5.1 (2-7) |
6.1 (4-9) |
6.3 (3-10) |
4.9 (1-6) |
| PDGF | 29.8 (17-68) |
175.4 a
(64-320) |
81.5 a
(32-138) |
53.3 a,b
(27-118) |
53.7 a
(29-132) |
71.1 a,b
(24-132) |
|
| VEGF | 6.1 (2-11) |
13.0 (12-14) |
9.1 (8-15) |
5.7 (4-13) |
10.7 (2-19) |
7.8 (6-13) |
|
| G-CSF | 17.6 (8-33) |
49.4 a
(18-65) |
34.7 a
(19-56) |
58.5 a
(16-86) |
41.2 a
(18-62) |
56.3 a
(29-87) |
|
| GM-CSF | 0.1 (0-0.3) |
0.1 (0-0.4) |
0.2 (0-0.4) |
0.2 (0-0.5) |
0.4 a
(0-0.6) |
0.3 a
(0.1-0.5) |
|
| IL-2 | 1.8 (0.7-2) |
2.9 a
(0.9-3) |
2.1 (1-3) |
2.2 a
(0.8-4) |
2.3 a
(1.8-4) |
2.2 a
(1.7-3) |
|
| IL-7 | 3.3 (0.8-5) |
1.6 (0.4-4) |
6.2 a,b,d,f
(4-19) |
1.9 (0.6-5) |
4.4 (2-8) |
2.8 (0.9-4) |
|
*NI, Non-infected Healthy Controls; HHC, Household Contacts; L(PB), Paucibacillary Leprosy Patients; L(MB), Multibacillary Leprosy Patients; T1LR, Patients with Type 1 Leprosy Reaction; T2LR, Patients with Type 2 Leprosy Reaction. The values are median of Immune Mediators in Plasma in pg/ml, and in parentheses are the 25% and 75% percentiles of the values. Comparative analyses between groups were carried out by Mann-Whitney test. Significant differences at p<0.05 are underscored by letters “a”, “b”, “c” “d” and “f” as compared to NI, HHC, L(PB), L(MB) and T1RL, respectively.