Fig. 3.

Waterfall plots for RF model predictions on four instances. In subfigures (a), (b) and (c) exhibit model predictions that are higher than the base prediction value. In subfigure (d), model prediction is lower than base prediction value. Notably, the Superficial gas velocity feature demonstrates a substantial contribution across all instances. It is important to observe that as the attribute value decreases, its positive contribution towards the model output also decreases and even become negative. We could also observe a similar trend in the contribution of the feature draft tube diameter.