Table 3.
Patient characteristics in the UPA and non-UPA JAKi groups as second-line b/tsDMARDs
| Before PS-IPTW | After PS-IPTW | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPA (N = 32) | Non-UPA JAKi (N = 95) | p value | UPA (N = 30) | Non-UPA JAKi (N = 96) | p value | |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 26 (81.3%) | 79 (83.2%) | 0.805 | 22 (73.9%) | 78 (81.1%) | 0.392 |
| Age (years) | 59.9 ± 11.2 | 55.4 ± 13.2 | 0.086 | 56.5 ± 11.8 | 56.6 ± 12.9 | 0.982 |
| RA duration(month) | 118.2 ± 103.2 | 81.3 ± 73.8 | 0.030 | 94.0 ± 91.8 | 90.6 ± 77.8 | 0.841 |
| Duration between first-line b/tsDMARD failure and initiation of second-line therapy (month) | 10.8 ± 18.0 | 9.5 ± 17.2 | 0.717 | 9.9 ± 17.3 | 9.6 ± 17.8 | 0.932 |
| Steinbrocker stage | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 0.431 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 0.893 |
| MTX use at baseline | ||||||
| n (%) | 20 (62.5%) | 71 (74.7%) | 0.184 | 21 (70.2%) | 68 (70.7%) | 0.958 |
| Dose (mg/w) | 7.0 ± 6.1 | 9.0 ± 6.1 | 0.118 | 8.3 ± 6.1 | 8.3 ± 6.2 | 0.981 |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | ||||||
| n (%) | 10 (31.3%) | 12 (12.6%) | 0.016 | 7 (22.0%) | 18 (19.0%) | 0.721 |
| Dose (mg/day) | 1.5 ± 3.1 | 1.0 ± 3.2 | 0.426 | 1.3 ± 3.4 | 1.5 ± 3.8 | 0.872 |
| JAKi as second-line drug | UPA: 32 | TOF: 40, BAR: 55 | UPA: 30 | TOF: 41, BAR: 55 | ||
| First-line b/tsDMARDs |
TNFi: 18 (56.3%) IL-6Ri: 9 (28.1%) CTLA4Ig: 1 (3.1%) JAKi: 4 (12.5%) |
TNFi: 69 (72.6%) IL-6Ri: 15 (15.8%) CTLA4Ig: 7 (7.4%) JAKi: 4 (4.2%) |
||||
| 28-tender joint count | 8.0 ± 6.6 | 9.4 ± 6.7 | 0.328 | 8.9 ± 6.6 | 9.1 ± 6.6 | 0.873 |
| 28-swollen joint count | 5.7 ± 5.7 | 6.7 ± 5.3 | 0.369 | 5.5 ± 5.6 | 6.6 ± 5.3 | 0.354 |
| PGA, VAS 0–100 mm | 52.0 ± 26.6 | 51.8 ± 23.2 | 0.969 | 55.2 ± 27.5 | 53.8 ± 25.6 | 0.804 |
| EGA, VAS 0–100 mm | 50.9 ± 25.8 | 44.4 ± 20.5 | 0.148 | 52.9 ± 24.5 | 47.9 ± 23.8 | 0.326 |
| Pain VAS, VAS 0–100 mm | 54.2 ± 27.9 | 50.4 ± 24.5 | 0.472 | 56.0 ± 27.5 | 53.4 ± 26.3 | 0.642 |
| CDAI | 24.0 ± 14.6 | 25.5 ± 12.6 | 0.586 | 25.2 ± 14.2 | 24.9 ± 12.8 | 0.911 |
| SDAI | 25.2 ± 15.1 | 27.0 ± 14.6 | 0.567 | 26.6 ± 14.6 | 26.4 ± 14.6 | 0.959 |
| HAQ–DI | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.201 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.336 |
| EQ-5D | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.585 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.939 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 1.2 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 3.7 | 0.634 | 1.4 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 3.9 | 0.764 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 36.8 ± 34.1 | 35.2 ± 30.6 | 0.808 | 35.5 ± 33.2 | 36.4 ± 31.9 | 0.886 |
| MMP-3 (ng/ml) | 133.2 ± 165.0 | 193.8 ± 296.5 | 0.282 | 131.6 ± 169.4 | 192.4 ± 289.0 | 0.283 |
| Rheumatoid factor (U/ml) | 229.9 ± 454.3 | 147.7 ± 429.2 | 0.358 | 200.3 ± 438.3 | 201.8 ± 576.0 | 0.989 |
| Rheumatoid factor positive, n (%) | 27 (84.4%) | 65 (68.4%) | 0.081 | 25 (83.5%) | 70 (73.2%) | 0.252 |
| Anti-CCP antibody (U/ml) | 215.2 ± 389.6 | 275.2 ± 789.1 | 0.681 | 206.2 ± 325.2 | 385.1 ± 1046.3 | 0.462 |
| Anti-CCP antibody, n (%) | 23 (71.9%) | 65 (68.4%) | 0.714 | 22 (73.2%) | 67 (69.6%) | 0.712 |
Data are mean ± SD or number (%) of patients. The Steinbrocker stage was applied as the radiographic severity classification [29]. The dose of glucocorticoid was converted into a prednisone-equivalent dose.
PS-IPTW propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting, RA rheumatoid arthritis, MTX methotrexate, PGA VAS patient’s global assessment of disease activity visual analog scale, EGA VAS evaluator global assessment of disease activity visual analog scale, CDAI Clinical Disease Activity Index, SDAI Simplified Disease Activity Index, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, EQ-5D EuroQoL 5 dimension, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, MMP-3 matrix metalloproteinase 3, CCP cyclic citrullinated peptide, TOF tofacitinib, BAR baricitinib, UPA upadacitinib, TNFi tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, IL-6Ri interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, CTLA4Ig cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin, JAKi Janus kinase inhibitor