Table 1. Base Case Model Inputs.
| Parameter | Value (CI) | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Event rates | ||
| HFMS impact on hospitalization, hazard ratio | 0.62 | Boehmer et al14 |
| HFMS impact on mortality, risk ratio (95% CI) | 0.66 (0.24; 1.82) | ZOLL data on file, additional analysis of data presented in Boehmer et al14 |
| Hospitalization rate at 3 months, SOC (%) (95% CI) | 32.55 (24.03; 41.63) | Silas et ala |
| Hospitalization rate after 3 mo: SOC (%) (95% CI) | 52.21 (39.28; 64.99) | Silas et ala |
| Emergency room visit rate at 3 mo: SOC (%) (95% CI) | 13.83 (8.21; 20.49) | Silas et ala |
| Emergency room visit rate after 3 mo: SOC (%) (95% CI) | 50.0 (29.93; 70.07) | Silas et ala |
| Mortality rate at 3 mo: SOC (%) (95% CI) | 3.46 (2.12; 5.06) | Silas et ala |
| Mortality rate after 3 mo: SOC (%) (95% CI) | 9.13 (6.49; 12.14) | Silas et ala |
| Readmitted patients requiring EoC (%) | 2.50 | Assumption |
| Resource use | ||
| Cost of HFMS per month ($) | 1300 | Assumption |
| Wear time of HFMS | 2 | Boehmer et al14* |
| Outpatient care costs per day ($) (assumed variance) | 50 (35; 65)* | Obi et al17 |
| Emergency room cost per visit ($) (lower and upper assumed 95% CI) | 997 (482; 1458) | White-Williams et al18; Blum and Gottlieb19 |
| Cost of hospital stay per day ($) (lower and upper assumed 95% CI) | 2665 (2572; 4828) | Olchanski et al20 |
| Intensive care unit stay per day ($) (assumed variance) | 3417 (2392; 4442)b | Gershengorn et al21 |
| Outpatient care costs after readmission ($) (assumed variance) | 236 (212; 259) | Fitch et al22 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HFMS, Heart Failure Management System; SOC, standard of care.
aSilas U, Hafermann J, Bosworth Smith A, Veloz A, Saunders R, Steidley D. Clinical outcomes in heart failure monitoring: a pooled rates analysis. Am J Manag Care. 2025;31(7).
bVariance was assumed to be 30% for costs when not reported. All costs were inflated to 2022 costs were necessary.