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. 2025 Mar 6;8:1566197. doi: 10.3389/frai.2025.1566197

Table 5.

Performance metrics for stacked ensemble model and voting ensemble model.

Metric Stacked ensemble model Voting ensemble model
MSE (2020 data to predict 2021) 26.0257 58.2021
MSE (2020 data to predict 2022) 39.2241 97.7470
MSE (2021 data to predict 2022) 27.2251 58.0859
MSE (2020 and 2021 data to predict 2022) 35.2000 48.4130
R-squared (2020 data to predict 2021) 0.75571 0.45369
R-squared (2020 data to predict 2022) 0.64399 0.11282
R-squared (2021 data to predict 2022) 0.75290 0.47280
R-squared (2020 and 2021 data to predict 2022) 0.68051 0.56059