Figure 2.

EV phenotyping analyses among the groups. (A–H) Plasma levels of EVs (positive at least for one of the tetraspanins) containing each of the selected candidate markers for investigation in HD (green), glioblastoma (GBM, red), post-OP (blue), and relapses (orange). Medians were compared between groups by Kruskal–Wallis analysis with correction for false discovery rate (FDR). Their respective FC values are shown in Figure 1B. The TNC⁺ EVs (A) were differentially expressed in most of compared groups and had the strongest significances (higher FC and lower p values), followed by ITGB1 (B). (I) Immunogold staining for TNC protein in plasma EVs of a glioblastoma patient (left) and a healthy donor (right). Obvious differences are observed between two immunostainings, where gold particles (black dots) can be visualized in plasma EVs from glioblastoma (white arrows). * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001, **** = p < 0.0001. Nonsignificant associations are not specifically marked.