Table 3.
Association between polymorphisms FTO and NOS3 with obesity in childrens and adolescents
| SNPs | Genotype | Total, N (%) | Unadjusted OR (CI95%) | p-valueb | Model adjusted 1a OR (CI95%) | p-valueb | Model adjusted 2a OR (CI95%) | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTO (rs1121980) | GG | 289 (31.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| AG | 483 (52.4) | 1.52 (0.85–2.73) | 0.157 | 1.56 (0.87–2.81) | 0.149 | 1.53 (0.85–2.75) | 0.156 | |
| AA | 149 (16.2) | 2.06 (1.02–4.16) | 0.044 | 2.12 (1.05–4.32) | 0.041 | 2.07 (1.02–4.20) | 0.044 | |
| NOS3 (rs1799983) | GG | 528 (57.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| TG | 342 (37.1) | 1.31 (0.80–2.16) | 0.287 | 1.29 (0.78–2.13) | 0.313 | 1.34 (0.81–2.22) | 0.252 | |
| TT | 51 (5.6) | 2.51 (1.10–5.73) | 0.029 | 2.61 (1.13–5.98) | 0.024 | 2.49 (1.08–5.73) | 0.032 | |
| Risk allele score | (0–4) | 1.33 (1.27–1.39)* | 1.45 (1.13–1.89) | 0.004 | 1.46 (1.13–1.88) | 0.004 | 1.46 (1.13–1.89) | 0.004 |
Legend: OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval
aThe directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used to support the theoretical model for the adjusted analysis between FTO and NOS3 polymorphism genotypes (exposure) and obesity (outcome). Analysis adjusted for the following minimum and sufficient variables, according to two possible suggested models. Model 1: adjusted for skin color. Model 2: adjusted for age, birth weight, breastfeeding, family income, glycemic and lipid profile
Collinearity among variables in the adjusted model 2 evaluated by variance inflance factor (VIF) with the maximum remaining VIF = 1.2179
bp-value corresponding to the Wald test
*Data are presented as a mean and 95% confidence interval
Risk allele score was created to evaluate the combined influence of polymorphisms in the FTO (rs1121980) and NOS3 (rs1799983) genes on obesity. This score ranges from 0 (no risk alleles) to 4 (maximum risk alleles), based on the presence of protective or risk alleles. For FTO, allele G is protective and allele A is a risk allele. For NOS3, allele G is protective and allele T is a risk allele. Although the APOB (rs693) gene was analyzed, it was not included in the genetic risk score as it did not remain significant in the univariate analysis