Table 3.
Results of the multilevel analysis.
| DV: Silence behavior | DV: Perceived futility | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Level 1 variables | ||||
| Unit tenure | −0.02∗∗ (0.01) | −0.02∗ (0.01) | −0.02∗ (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) |
| Hospital tenure | −0.02∗∗∗ (0.00) | −0.02∗∗∗ (0.00) | −0.02∗∗∗ (0.00) | −0.01∗ (0.01) |
| Power distance orientation | 0.31∗∗∗ (0.04) | 0.21∗∗∗ (0.04) | 0.21∗∗∗ (0.04) | 0.37∗∗∗ (0.05) |
| Perceived futility | 0.27∗∗∗ (0.03) | 0.13∗ (0.06) | ||
| Hospital management support for patient safety | −0.18∗∗∗ (0.05) | |||
| Interaction term | 0.04∗ (0.02) | |||
| Level 2 variable | ||||
| Hierarchical unit culture | 0.22∗∗ (0.08) | −0.00 (0.13) | −0.04 (0.13) | 0.62∗∗∗ (0.14) |
|
| ||||
| Within-level residual variance | 0.32∗∗∗ (0.02) | 0.28∗∗∗ (0.02) | 0.27∗∗∗ (0.02) | 0.48∗∗∗ (0.04) |
| Between-level residual variance | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
Note: Level 1 N = 730, Level 2 N = 88. Unstandardized path coefficients and standard errors (in parentheses) are reported.
Abbreviation: DV = dependent variable.
∗p < 0.05.
∗∗p < 0.01.
∗∗∗p < 0.001.