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. 2025 Mar 21;20(3):e0319435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319435

Table 3. LDA model topic clustering and sentiment analysis results.

Topic No. Topic label Propotion sentiment score Top words
Topic 1 Tour Activity 0.238 0.68 Animals, Performing, A white whale, Skiing, Ice sculpture, Slides, A sea elephant, Brilliant, Penguins, Interesting.
Topic 2 Tour Environment 0.194 0.35 Many people, Ropeway, Cold, Queuing, Car, Time, Map, Battery car, Project, Staff.
Topic 3 Ice-snow Tourism Resources 0.172 0.53 Harbin, Songhua River, Sun Island, Park, Attractions, Small town, Central Avenue, Ice and snow world, Polar Pavilion, 5A level.
Topic 4 History and Culture 0.141 0.57 Churches, Architecture Russia, Beautiful, Big, charm, Sophia, History, Style, Features.
Topic 5 Tour Cost-effectiveness 0.11 0.31 Tickets, Convenience, Ctrip, Cost-effective, Price, Online, On the scene, Window, Expensive, Buy.
Topic 6 Tour Services 0.095 0.75 pretty good, Attitude, Service, Worth it, Passionate, Scenery, Place, Scenery, Suitable, Recommended.
Topic 7 Tour Experience 0.05 0.78 Kids, Happy, Good, Likes, Have fun, excellent, Unforgettable, Special, Worthwhile, Not good.