. 2025 Mar 21;15:9822. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94194-9

Table 4.

Mathematical models’ constants and statistical measures results for NTS drying using OLPG under different slices thickness.

ST, mm	Model name	Constants									Statistical measures
ST, mm	Model name	k	a	b	c	d	g	h	L	n	R²	χ²	RMSE	SSE	E, %
4	Newton (Lewis)	0.23370									0.99739	0.00023	0.01458	0.000213	8.44842
	Page	0.23453								0.99778	0.99739	0.00025	0.01458	0.000213	8.40417
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.23831	1.00616	0.00000				0.74762		0.99214	0.99745	0.00032	0.01442	0.000208	8.349581
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.16284	0.32468	0.34774	0.34133		0.27189	0.30480			0.99786	0.00031	0.01321	0.000175	7.30894
	Modified Midilli II	0.21938	0.93700	0.05918						1.139193	0.99974	0.000030	0.00464	0.000021	2.04850
	Modified Page III	1.00485				1.63262				0.62603	0.997425	0.000267	0.014491	0.000210	8.562324
	Modified Two Term III	0.23370	1.00000								0.997392	0.000248	0.014583	0.000213	8.448424
	Logistics	0.23822	34.49601	35.64725							0.99735	0.00028	0.01470	0.000216	8.81246
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		1.00485		0.62603				1.63262		0.997425	0.000267	0.014491	0.000210	8.562324
	Approximation diffusion	0.23370	1.00	1.00							0.99739	0.00027	0.01458	0.000213	8.44842
	Parabolic model		0.95973	− 0.16808	0.00796						0.99319	0.000707	0.023566	0.000555	12.21016
8	Newton (Lewis)	0.215918									0.99647	0.00030	0.01670	0.00028	10.97187
	Page	0.22339								0.97991	0.99659	0.00031	0.01641	0.000269	10.27545
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.23147	1.01219	0.00000				0.80013		0.96610	0.99673	0.00038	0.01608	0.000259	10.0587
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.21657	0.33431	0.334308	0.33431		0.21657	0.21657			0.99648	0.000445	0.01667	0.000278	11.0431
	Modified Midilli II	0.20479	0.93590	0.06194						1.13534	0.99988	0.000013	0.00314	0.000010	1.19792
	Modified Page III	1.00292				1.68070				0.61176	0.99648	0.000342	0.01667	0.000278	11.04312
	Modified Two Term III	0.21592	1.00000								0.996472	0.000319	0.01670	0.000279	10.97187
	Logistics	0.21731	20,529.02	20,657.31							0.99647	0.00034	0.01671	0.000279	11.12284
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		1.00292		0.61176				1.68070		0.996483	0.000342	0.016672	0.000278	11.04312
	Approximation diffusion	0.21592	1.00	1.00							0.99647	0.00034	0.01670	0.000279	10.97187
	Parabolic model		0.94759	− 0.14911	0.00628						0.98841	0.001127	0.030263	0.000916	16.90424
12	Newton (Lewis)	0.198211									0.99270	0.00058	0.02343	0.00055	15.23128
	Page	0.21889								0.94406	0.99372	0.00053	0.02174	0.000473	12.88814
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.23110	1.01900	0.00000				0.74436		0.92417	0.99403	0.00062	0.02119	0.000449	12.5566
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.19753	0.33225	0.33225	0.33225		0.19753	0.19753			0.99272	0.00082	0.02341	0.000548	15.14199
	Modified Midilli II	0.19155	0.92272	0.075855						1.14790	0.99985	0.000014	0.003354	0.000011	1.192152
	Modified Page III	0.99676				1.72440				0.58738	0.992716	0.000658	0.023409	0.000548	15.14199
	Modified Two Term III	0.19821	1.00000								0.99270	0.00062	0.02343	0.000549	15.23128
	Logistics	0.19812	419.87	419.74							0.99269	0.00066	0.02345	0.000550	15.22594
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		0.99676		0.58738				1.72440		0.992716	0.000658	0.023409	0.000548	15.14199
	Approximation diffusion	0.19821	1.00	1.00							0.99270	0.00066	0.02343	0.000549	15.23128
	Parabolic model		0.93653	− 0.13367	0.00511						0.983133	0.001522	0.035611	0.001268	18.77383

Significant values are in bold.