. 2025 Mar 21;15:9822. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94194-9

Table 5.

Mathematical models’ constants and statistical measures results for NTS drying using SDET under different slices thickness.

ST, mm	Model name	Constants									Statistical measures
ST, mm	Model name	k	a	b	c	d	g	h	L	n	R²	χ²	RMSE	SSE	E,%
4	Newton (Lewis)	0.28902									0.98394	0.00129	0.03462	0.00120	24.35329
	Page	0.35632								0.85171	0.99091	0.00079	0.02602	0.000677	15.71114
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.24160	0.65942	0.42720				0.31885		0.94185	0.99248	0.00087	0.02366	0.000560	14.39044
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.01322	0.08186	0.413929	0.51578		0.39809	0.34568			0.99857	0.000186	0.01032	0.000106	3.87276
	Modified Midilli II	0.32937	0.91660	0.084044						1.099653	0.99951	0.000052	0.00607	0.000037	3.85738
	Modified Page III	0.97700				1.54033				0.66867	0.984645	0.001459	0.033852	0.001146	23.46553
	Modified Two Term III	0.28902	1.00000								0.98394	0.00140	0.034616	0.001198	24.35329
	Logistics	0.28217	3717.21	3639.4							0.98463	0.00146	0.03386	0.001147	23.49855
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		0.97700		0.66867				1.54033		0.984645	0.001459	0.033852	0.001146	23.46553
	Approximation diffusion	0.28902	1.00	1.00							0.98394	0.001525	0.034616	0.001198	24.35329
	Parabolic model		0.90410	− 0.17600	0.00908						0.963216	0.003487	0.052339	0.002739	27.40499
8	Newton (Lewis)	0.23421									0.97600	0.001761	0.040631	0.001651	24.26645
	Page	0.32160								0.80509	0.99148	0.00067	0.02419	0.000585	10.35877
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.30978	0.96318	0.052747				0.411063		0.814456	0.99182	0.00082	0.02370	0.000562	10.45093
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.07815	0.25389	0.343745	0.41363		0.38103	0.36647			0.99712	0.00032	0.014067	0.000198	6.45389
	Modified Midilli II	0.31071	0.92479	0.080789						0.977067	0.99626	0.000343	0.016032	0.000257	8.714082
	Modified Page III	0.95473				1.65769				0.61110	0.97888	0.001789	0.038122	0.001453	21.76363
	Modified Two Term III	0.23421	1.00000								0.97600	0.00189	0.04063	0.001651	24.26645
	Logistics	0.22572	7085.33	6850.41							0.97867	0.00181	0.03831	0.001468	22.33869
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		0.95473		0.61110				1.65769		0.978881	0.001789	0.038122	0.001453	21.76363
	Approximation diffusion	0.23421	1.00	1.00							0.97600	0.00203	0.04063	0.001651	24.26645
	Parabolic model		0.88758	− 0.14115	0.00611						0.953644	0.003919	0.056427	0.003184	24.45569
12	Newton (Lewis)	0.18896									0.96216	0.00255	0.04903	0.00240	23.00661
	Page	0.29054								0.76610	0.98961	0.00074	0.02569	0.000660	7.00268
	Combined Two-Term and Page	0.28550	0.97761	0.039659				0.55590		0.76823	0.98993	0.000885	0.02528	0.000639	7.02288
	Modified Henderson and Pabis	0.10490	0.29684	0.220726	0.49575		0.10343	0.46559			0.99411	0.00056	0.01934	0.000374	7.48202
	Modified Midilli II	0.29644	0.94898	0.062334						0.84984	0.991257	0.000714	0.023561	0.000555	9.637797
	Modified Page III	0.92982				1.79757				0.56178	0.969778	0.002306	0.043833	0.001921	18.76276
	Modified Two Term III	0.18896	1.00000								0.96216	0.00270	0.04903	0.002404	23.00661
	Logistics	0.17291	4303.42	3980.14							0.96973	0.00231	0.04387	0.001925	18.51381
	Simplified Ficks Diffusion		0.92982		0.56178				1.79757		0.969778	0.002306	0.043833	0.001921	18.76276
	Approximation diffusion	0.18896	1.00	1.00							0.962157	0.002885	0.049034	0.002404	23.00661
	Parabolic model		0.87417	− 0.11395	0.00417						0.944973	0.004192	0.059106	0.003494	21.85639

Significant values are in bold.