Table 2.
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for liver-related events among patients with MASLD/MetALD.
| Outcome | Statin | At risk, n | Events, n | Rate∗ | Crude model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Final model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver-related events | Non-user | 403,222 | 8,069 | 201.947 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,353 | 1,841 | 164.249 | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | 0.70 (0.66–0.73) | 0.70 (0.66–0.74) | 0.64 (0.61–0.68) | |
| All-cause mortality | Non-user | 403,977 | 18,255 | 455.41 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,471 | 5,556 | 494.652 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | 0.87 (0.84–0.89) | 0.87 (0.84–0.89) | 0.81 (0.78–0.83) | |
| HCC | Non-user | 403,467 | 2,511 | 62.782 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,380 | 497 | 44.316 | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) | 0.60 (0.54–0.66) | 0.60 (0.54–0.66) | 0.52 (0.47–0.58) | |
| DLC (including OLT) | Non-user | 407,851 | 1,936 | 47.228 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,974 | 368 | 32.179 | 0.68 (0.61–0.76) | 0.60 (0.54–0.67) | 0.6 (0.54–0.67) | 0.58 (0.52–0.65) | |
| SLD regression | Non-user | 400,101 | 26,280 | 668.538 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 111,192 | 9,350 | 863.844 | 1.30 (1.27–1.33) | 1.28 (1.25–1.32) | 1.28 (1.25–1.31) | 1.18 (1.15–1.21) | |
| CVD-related mortality | Non-user | 403,977 | 2,342 | 58.426 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,471 | 785 | 69.889 | 1.20 (1.11–1.30) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.87 (0.80–0.95) | |
| Liver-related mortality | Non-user | 403,977 | 1,953 | 48.722 | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
| Statin user | 113,471 | 358 | 31.873 | 0.66 (0.59–0.73) | 0.54 (0.48–0.60) | 0.54 (0.48–0.60) | 0.51 (0.46–0.57) |
Model 1 was adjusted for age, and sex. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, residential area, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The Final model was adjusted for adjusted for age, sex, residential area, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, LC, and abnormal alanine transaminase.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; DLC, decompensated liver cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LC, liver cirrhosis; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, MASLD with increased alcohol intake; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; SLD, steatotic liver disease.
Rates are expressed per 100,000 person-years.