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. 2025 Mar 22;15:9914. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94267-9

Table 3.

Hyperparameter and values.

Hyperparameter Value
Input image size Inline graphic
Batch size 4
Number of epochs 100
Learning rate 1e−4
Optimizer AdamW
Loss function Dice Loss
Activation function ReLU, Sigmoid
Early stopping patience 10
Reduce LR factor 0.1