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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 21;19(1):e13628. doi: 10.1111/eip.13628

Table 2.

Changes in pronoun use over the course of MERIT.

Normalized Frequency β (p) In-Degree β (p) Out-Degree β (p) Centrality β (p)
Participant Speech
 All Pronouns 0.16 (0.06)
I 0.01 (0.9) −0.06 (0.5) −0.04 (0.6) −0.00 (0.9)
You 0.16 (0.03)* 0.03 (0.7) 0.07 (0.4) 0.10 (0.2)
We −0.21 (0.02)* −0.29 (0.002)** Bonf. −0.06 (0.5) −0.18 (0.08)
They −0.17 (0.07) −0.18 (0.06) −0.09 (0.3) −0.15 (0.1)
Therapist Speech
 All Pronouns 0.17 (0.04)*
I 0.21 (0.02)* −0.05 (0.6) 0.21 (0.022)* 0.25 (0.007)**
You −0.19 (0.01)* 0.03 (0.7) −0.21 (0.022)* −0.13 (0.12)
We 0.38 (0.000)*** Bonf. 0.01 (0.9) 0.27 (0.003)** Bonf. 0.35 (0.000)*** Bonf,
They −0.16 (0.08) −0.13 (0.2) −0.06 (0.517) −0.11 (0.2)

Note. Beta-coefficient and p-Values of the mixed linear regression models to in-degree, out-degree and centrality of pronouns in semantic graph models and their normalized frequencies with the fixed effect of sessional progression and random effect of participants. Pronouns were classified into four categories representing the speaker (I– including I, me, my, etc.), interlocutor (You– including you, yours, yourself, etc.), speech participants (We– including, we, us, ours, etc.), and others (They– including she, he, they, hers, his, their, etc.). Significant results are tagged with asterisk. Results that survive Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons are tagged with Bonf. (corrected α = 0.004 for graph features and 0.0125 for normalized frequency comparisons).