Table 1. Characteristics of participants by depression status in the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Studya.
| Characteristics | Total sample (N=17,607) | ADLb disability (n=3350) | No ADL disability (n=14,257) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep duration per night, hours, mean (SD) | 6.2 (2.0) | 5.7 (2.5) | 6.3 (1.9) | <.001 |
| Sleep duration per night, hours, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| ≤4 | 3205 (18.2) | 1091 (32.6) | 2114 (14.8) | |
| 5 | 2604 (14.8) | 493 (14.7) | 2111 (14.8) | |
| 6 | 3847 (21.9) | 552 (16.5) | 3295 (23.1) | |
| 7 | 2936 (16.7) | 359 (10.7) | 2577 (18.1) | |
| 8 | 3314 (18.8) | 450 (13.4) | 2864 (20.1) | |
| 9 | 804 (4.6) | 158 (4.7) | 646 (4.5) | |
| ≥10 | 897 (5.1) | 247 (7.4) | 650 (4.6) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 62.7 (10.0) | 68.0 (10.2) | 61.5 (9.5) | <.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Men | 8375 (47.6） | 1253 (37.4) | 7122 (50.0) | |
| Women | 9232 (52.4） | 2097 (62.6) | 7135 (50.1) | |
| Education, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 4176 (23.7) | 1250 (37.3) | 2926 (20.5) | |
| Middle school and below | 11,321 (64.3) | 1913 (57.1) | 9408 (66.0) | |
| High school and above | 2110 (12.0) | 187 (5.6) | 1923 (13.5) | |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Never | 10,074 (57.8) | 2063 (62.4) | 8011 (56.8) | |
| Current | 7349 (42.2) | 1243 (37.6) | 6106 (43.3) | |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Never | 11,442 (65.0) | 2479 (74.0) | 8963 (62.9) | |
| Current | 6165 (35.0) | 871 (26.0) | 5294 (37.1) | |
| Married, n (%) | 13,843 (78.6) | 2369 (70.7) | 11,474 (80.5) | <.001 |
| Residence, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Rural | 13,997 (79.7) | 2812 (84.0) | 11,185 (78.7) | |
| Urban | 3567 (20.3) | 534 (16.0) | 3033 (21.3) | |
| Depression, n (%) | 6182 (35.1) | 1859 (55.5) | 4323 (30.3) | |
| Daytime napping, minutes, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| None | 6727 (38.2) | 1301 (38.8) | 5426 (38.1) | |
| ≤30 | 1462 (8.3) | 279 (8.3) | 1183 (8.3) | |
| 31‐90 | 6839 (38.8) | 1204 (35.9) | 5635 (39.5) | |
| ≥90 | 2579 (14.7) | 566 (16.9) | 2013 (14.1) | |
| Chronic disease conditions, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| None | 9816 (55.8) | 1368 (40.8) | 8448 (59.3) | |
| Mild | 6736 (38.3) | 1595 (47.6) | 5141 (36.1) | |
| Severe | 1055 (6.0) | 387 (11.6) | 668 (4.7) | |
| Visual impairment, n (%) | 14,535 (82.9) | 3029 (91.5) | 11,506 (80.9) | <.001 |
| Hearing impairment, n (%) | 11,706 (66.6) | 2695 (80.7) | 9011 (63.3) | <.001 |
| Life satisfaction (satisfied), n (%) | 14,365 (81.6) | 2267 (67.7) | 12,098 (84.9) | <.001 |
| Self-reported general health status (good), n (%) | 3846 (21.8) | 218 (6.5) | 3628 (25.5) | <.001 |
a
Missing data for the following characteristics: tobacco use (184, 1.0%), residence (43, 0.2%), visual impairment (77, 0.4%), hearing impairment (35, 0.2%), life satisfaction (1354, 7.7%), and self-reported general health status (1241, 7.0%).
b
ADL: activities of daily living.