Table 1.
Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes Among Patients With Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection, 2009 Through 2011
| Variable | Value (n = 984) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Age, median (range), y | 51 (1–97) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 655 (66.6) |
| Race, No. (%) | |
| White | 849 (86.3) |
| Black | 79 (8.0) |
| Asian, Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander | 20 (2.0) |
| Native American | 13 (1.3) |
| Unknown | 23 (2.3) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (range) | 0 (0–14) |
| Select medical conditions, No. (%)a | |
| Pulmonary disease | 136 (13.8) |
| Solid tumor, nonmetastatic | 110 (11.2) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 105 (10.7) |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 67 (6.8) |
| Diverticular disease | 62 (6.3) |
| None | 391 (39.7) |
| Medication use within 12 wk before C difficile infection, No./total No. (%)a | |
| Antibioticsb | 631 (64.1) |
| Cephalosporins | 149/631 (23.6) |
| β-Lactam or β-lactamase inhibitors | 145/631 (23.0) |
| Penicillins | 143/631 (22.7) |
| Fluoroquinolones | 139/631 (22.0) |
| Clindamycin | 119/631 (18.9) |
| Macrolides | 60/631 (9.5) |
| Folic acid inhibitors | 38/631 (6.0) |
| Tetracyclines | 15/631 (2.4) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 273 (27.7) |
| H2-receptor antagonists | 90 (9.1) |
| Immune-suppressing agentsc | 91 (9.2) |
| Hospitalization, No./total No. (%)d | 251 (25.5) |
| C difficile infection primary reason | 125/251 (49.8) |
| Admitted to an intensive care unit within 30 d of C difficile infection | 12/251 (4.8) |
| White blood cell count ≤1000/μL or ≥15 000/μL | 67/251 (26.7) |
| Toxic megacolon or ileus on radiography | 8/251 (3.2) |
| Colectomy within 30 d of C difficile infection | 2/251 (0.8) |
| Death within 30 d of C difficile infection | 4/251 (1.6) |
| Severe C difficile infection outcomee | 15/251 (6.0) |
| Patients having C difficile infection with NAP strain type result available, No. (%) | 313(31.8) |
| NAP, No./total No. (%) | |
| 1 | 68/313 (21.7) |
| 2 | 10/313 (3.2) |
| 3 | 4/313 (1.3) |
| 4 | 36/313 (11.5) |
| 5 | 3/313 (1.0) |
| 6 | 23/313 (7.3) |
| 7 | 19/313 (6.1) |
| 8 | 2/313 (0.6) |
| 9 | 7/313 (2.2) |
| 10 | 9/313 (2.9) |
| 11 | 34/313 (10.9) |
| 12 | 6/313 (1.9) |
| Unnamed NAP type | 92/313 (29.4) |
Abbreviation: NAP, North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type.
SI conversion factor: To convert white blood cell count to ×109/L, multiply by 0.001. Medical conditions and medications used are not mutually exclusive.
The median (range) number of antibiotic classes is 1 (1–5).
Chemotherapy, corticosteroid use, or interleukin receptor antagonists. Inhaled corticosteroids are not included.
Hospitalization at the time of or within 7 days after the C difficile specimen collection date.
Death, colectomy, or admission to an intensive care unit within 30 days of the C difficile specimen collection date.