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. 2025 Mar 11;15:1535525. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1535525

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants.

N (%) E-LUAD HC NCC A-LUAD p-Value
No. 21 17 17 25
Age 0.3914
Age (IQR) 60.00 (50.00, 68.00) 56.00 (47.50, 61.50) 55.00 (46.00, 61.00) 59.00 (50.00, 68.00)
Range 39–83 39–69 32–78 33–76
Sex
Male 8 (38.10) 5 (29.41) 7 (41.18) 11 (44) 0.8107
Female 13 (61.90) 12 (70.59) 10 (58.82) 14 (56)
Smoking status 0.9395
Never 13 (61.90) 12 (70.59) 12 (70.59) 16 (64)
Former 2 (9.52) 2 (11.76) 1 (5.88) 4 (16)
Current 6 (28.57) 3 (17.65) 4 (23.53) 5 (20)
Tumor history 0.3033
Yes 3 (14.29) 0 1 (5.88) 4 (16)
No 18 (85.71) 17 (100) 16 (94.12) 21 (84)
Comorbidity 0.1794
Yes 5 (23.81) 0 2 (11.76) 3 (12)
No 16 (76.19) 17 (100) 15 (88.24) 22 (88)
Cancer stage
I 15 (71.43)
II 6 (28.57)
III 6 (24)
IV 19 (76)

E-LUAD, early-stage lung adenocarcinoma; HC, healthy control; NCC, non-cancerous lung disease; A-LUAD, advanced lung adenocarcinoma; IQR, interquartile range.