Apoptosis of CD31+ endothelial cells and CD45+ leukocytes in the villus mesenchyme of a CONV-R mouse treated with 16 Gy of TBI. (A) Small intestinal villus section stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Left). (Scale bar, 100 μm.) The expanded views of the boxed region (Right) show an adjacent section after staining with TUNEL reagents and antibodies to CD31. The arrow points to a TUNEL+ nucleus in a CD31+ endothelial cell. (Scale bar, 10 μm.) (B) TEM image of a mesenchymal endothelial cell (arrowhead) from the distal small intestine of a CONV-R mouse 4 h after 16 Gy of TBI. Nuclear condensation and cellular protrusion into the capillary lumen are characteristics of endothelial apoptosis. (Scale bar, 2 μm.) (C) A TEM image of a representative villus mesenchymal endothelial cell (arrowhead) from the distal small intestine of a GF B6 mouse killed 4 h after 16 Gy TBI. The cell has normal morphology. Epi, epithelium; Mes, mesenchyme, bb, brush border on the apical surface of enterocytes. (Scale bar, 4 μm.) (D) A single image from a 3D reconstruction of serial 1-μm-thick scans of a villus section from a CONV-R mouse killed 4 h after 16 Gy of TBI. Arrows denote TUNEL+ CD45+ cells, whereas arrowheads denote TUNEL+ CD45- cells. CD45 is a surface marker, whereas TUNEL stains nuclei: therefore, TUNEL+ cells that coexpress CD45 will not appear yellow. (Scale bar, 80 μm.) (Inset) A higher-power view of the boxed area.