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. 2025 Jan 22;76(2):148–155. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.24-155

Table 2.

Currently reported and calculated reference intervals for vitamins and related ratios

Test/Ratio RIreported n LRL URL
Retinol [Vitamin A] (μmol/L) 1.6–2.5 137 1.1 (1.1–1.3) 2.8 (2.7–2.9)
Alpha-Tocopherol [alpha-T, Vitamin E] (μmol/L) 18.6–46.2 139 18.9 (17.6–21.4) 42.2 (41.6–43.2)
Alpha-T/CH ratio (μmol/mmol) NA 138 5.2 (4.9–5.3) 8.9 (8.6–9.3)
Alpha-T/TL ratio (μmol/mmol) NA 137 4.5 (4.2–4.6) 7.4 (7.3–7.5)
Thiamine pyrophosphate [TPP, Vitamin B1] (nmol/L) 78–144 141 85.9 (78.1–95.8) 181.6 (173.3–187.8)
TPP/Hb ratio (ng/g) NA 135 246.2 (237.4–269.7) 561.1 (535.0–588.8)
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [PLP, Vitamin B6] (nmol/L) 51–183 138 57.0 (48.2–60.9) 165.7 (155.2–176.6)

Numbers in parentheses indicate 90% confidence intervals of each limit. RIreported, reference intervals currently reported in our laboratory; LRL, lower reference limit; URL, upper reference limit; NA, not applicable.