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. 2025 Mar 25;15:10211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95500-1

Table 3.

Raw score, standardised score, and prevalence of advanced skills for each fundamental movement skill and assessment tool according to school year.

Raw score (M ± SD) Standardized score (M ± SD) Advanced skills (%)
Grade 1–2 Grade 3–4 Grade 5–6 Grade 1–2 Grade 3–4 Grade 5–6 Grade 1–2 Grade 3–4 Grade 5–6
Run TGMD 6.83 ± 1.57 7.47 ± 0.82 7.55 ± 0.88 85.3 ± 19.6#‡ 93.4 ± 10.2#‡ 94.4 ± 10.9#‡ 80.0#‡ 95.0# 92.5#
GSGA 6.92 ± 2.63 8.05 ± 2.00 8.97 ± 2.60 57.7 ± 21.9* 67.1 ± 16.7* 74.8 ± 21.6* 17.5* 22.5* 55.0*
FMSA 7.17 ± 1.69 8.18 ± 1.38 8.28 ± 1.40 71.7 ± 16.9*# 81.8 ± 13.8*# 82.8 ± 14.0* 55.0*# 70.0# 80.0#
Leap TGMD 4.45 ± 1.08 4.35 ± 1.44 4.70 ± 1.16 74.2 ± 18.1# 72.5 ± 24.0# 78.3 ± 19.3# 70.0#‡ 67.5#‡ 77.5#‡
GSGA 6.92 ± 2.69 7.60 ± 2.67 8.13 ± 2.46 57.7 ± 22.4* 63.3 ± 22.2* 67.7 ± 20.5* 15.0* 22.5* 30.0*
FMSA 7.00 ± 1.83 7.17 ± 2.00 7.88 ± 1.67 70.0 ± 18.3# 71.7 ± 20.0# 78.8 ± 16.7# 35.0* 40.0* 50.0*
Kick TGMD 5.75 ± 1.78 6.15 ± 1.90 6.67 ± 1.38 71.9 ± 22.2 76.9 ± 23.8 83.4 ± 17.3# 42.5#‡ 60.0#‡ 62.5#‡
GSGA 8.40 ± 2.47 9.10 ± 2.50 9.32 ± 2.28 70.0 ± 20.6 75.8 ± 20.8 77.7 ± 19.0* 25.0* 45.0* 42.5*
FMSA 9.28 ± 3.27 10.4 ± 3.35 11.1 ± 2.56 66.2 ± 23.3* 74.5 ± 23.9 79.1 ± 18.3 27.5* 42.5* 42.5*
Over-hand throw TGMD 3.63 ± 1.58 4.80 ± 1.90 4.85 ± 2.21 45.3 ± 19.8#‡ 60.0 ± 23.7#‡ 60.6 ± 27.7#‡ 10.0 37.5 50.0
GSGA 6.60 ± 2.30 8.15 ± 2.49 8.28 ± 2.94 55.0 ± 19.1* 67.9 ± 20.7* 69.0 ± 24.5* 10.0 35.0 47.5
FMSA 6.67 ± 2.39 8.03 ± 2.34 7.95 ± 2.80 55.6 ± 19.9* 66.9 ± 19.5* 66.2 ± 23.3* 12.5 35.0 45.0
Catch TGMD 3.58 ± 1.84 4.80 ± 1.32 5.35 ± 1.03 59.6 ± 30.6 80.0 ± 22.1# 89.2 ± 17.1 47.5#‡ 72.5 92.5
GSGA 7.80 ± 2.84 10.2 ± 2.19 11.1 ± 1.38 65.0 ± 23.7 85.0 ± 18.2* 92.1 ± 11.5 25.0* 65.0 82.5
FMSA 7.30 ± 3.08 9.82 ± 2.40 10.7 ± 1.65 60.8 ± 25.7 81.9 ± 20.0 89.4 ± 13.7 22.5* 55.0* 75.0*
Two-hand strike TGMD 6.63 ± 2.64 7.08 ± 2.41 8.08 ± 2.24 66.2 ± 26.4# 70.8 ± 24.1 80.7 ± 22.3 37.5 50.0 67.5
GSGA 9.85 ± 3.65 10.18 ± 2.95 11.50 ± 2.73 70.4 ± 26.1* 72.7 ± 21.1 82.2 ± 19.5 32.5 40.0 62.5
FMSA 10.83 ± 3.59 11.13 ± 3.04 12.93 ± 2.90 67.7 ± 22.5# 69.6 ± 19.0 80.8 ± 18.1 17.5*# 25.0* 52.5*

TGMD: test of gross motor development. GSGA: get skilled get active. FMSA: fundamental motor skills assessment.

*Significant difference (p < 0.05) with TGMD.

#Significant difference (p < 0.05) with GSGA.

Significant difference (p < 0.05) with FMSA.