Table 3.

DDLC index of each land-use type within the study area from 1990 to 2020 (%).

Types	1990–2000	2000–2010	2010–2020	1990–2020
Cultivated land	0.261	− 0.409	0.168	0.002
Forest	− 0.879	0.649	0.138	− 0.051
Grassland	− 0.496	0.376	− 0.905	− 0.344
Water	− 2.160	0.839	1.259	− 0.144
Bare land	− 0.187	− 0.985	− 2.719	− 1.186
Construction land	4.210	2.936	2.088	4.073