Table 2. Type, frequency, duration, intensity, time and location of intervention of the included studies.
| Study | Year | Type of intervention (strength, IMT, aerobic or in combination) | Frequency (times per week) | Duration (number of weeks) | Intensity | Time(length per session in minutes) | Location of training |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength training | |||||||
| Scheffer et al14 | 2023 | ST | 3 | 12 | 6–8RM | 45 (total) | Supervised |
| Shiina et al29 | 2019 | ST+amino acid intake | 3 | 8 | 15RM | NR | Home |
| Cordina et al13 | 2013 | ST | 3 | 20 | 8RM | 60 (total) | Supervised |
| Lahti et al34 | 2022 | ST | 3 | 12 | 4–6 RPE | 30–45 (total) | Supervised and home |
| Avitabile et al41 | 2022 | ST | 2 | 24 | 60% MVC | 60 (total) | Supervised and home |
| IMT | |||||||
| Turquetto et al27 | 2021 | Aerobic/IMT | 3 (aerobic) 7 (IMT) | 16 | NR (aerobic), 60% MIP (IMT) | 60 (aerobic), NR (IMT) | Supervised and home |
| Hock et al24 | 2022 | IMT | 7 | 24 | 40% FVC | 1–3 sets with 10–30 repetitions | Home |
| Fritz et al25 | 2020 | IMT | 7 | 48 | Adjusted until maximum | 3 sets with 10–30 repetitions | Home |
| Neidenbah et al30 | 2023 | IMT | 7 | 24 | NR | NR | Supervised and home |
| Brown et al31 | 2020 | IMT | 3 | 12 | NR | NR | Home |
| Laohachai et al42 | 2017 | IMT | 7 | 6 | 30% MIP | 30 (total) | Home |
| Wu et al43 | 2018 | IMT | 5 | 12 | 40% MIP | 30 (total) | Supervised |
| Combined training | |||||||
| Opotowsky et al28 | 2018 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 12 | NR | 60 (total) | Supervised and home |
| Avila et al26 | 2016 | Aerobic+ST | 3 (aerobic), 2 (ST) | 12 | 70%–80% hour | 60 (total), 30–40 (ST) | Supervised |
| Rhodes et al11 | 2006 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 12 | NR (aerobic), light weight (ST) | 60 (total), 20–25 (ST) | Home |
| Singh et al10 | 2007 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 12 | NR (aerobic), light weight (ST) | 60 (total), 20–25 (ST) | Home |
| Brassard et al33 | 2006 | Aerobic+ST | 3 | 8 | 50%–80% peak V̇O2, 12–15RM (SR) | 60 (total) | Supervised and home |
| Martinez et al35 | 2010 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 12 | 80% hour (Aerobic), 1–2 kg (ST) | 60 (total), 10 (ST) | Supervised |
| Gierat et al32 | 2015 | Aerobic+ST | 2–3 | 4 | 60%–80% hour, 15 RM (ST) | 60 (total) | Supervised |
| Sutherland et al36 | 2018 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 8 | 65%–85% hour (Aerobic), Body weight (ST) | 60 (total), 20–30 (ST) | Supervised and home |
| Aronoff et al39 | 2023 | Aerobic+ST | 2–3 | 12 | 70%–80% hour, Light weight (ST) | 60 (total), 15 (ST) | Supervised and home |
| Fernie et al40 | 2023 | Aerobic+ST | 3–4 | 48 | Reserve HR | 60 (total) | Supervised |
| Becker-Grunig et al37 | 2013 | Aerobic+ST＋IMT | 7 (hospital)+5 (home) | 3 (hospital)+12 (home) | 60%–80% hour (aerobic)500 g–1 kg (ST), NR (IMT) | 90 (hospital), 30 (home) | Supervised and home |
| Ferrer et al9 | 2020 | Aerobic+ST + IMT | 2 | 12 | 75% of HR (aerobic)10–15 RM (ST), 30% MIP (IMT) | 70 (total)20 (ST) | Supervised |
| Pyykkonen et al44 | 2022 | Aerobic+ST | 2 | 24 | NR | NR | Home |
| Dirks et al38 | 2022 | Aerobic+IMT | 6/7 (IMT), 3 (aerobic) | 40 | 30–50% of MIP (IMT)55% of W at V̇O2 max (aerobic) | 1 set with 30 repetitions (IMT)45 min (aerobic) | Home |
If CON data are absent in the respective study, then not reported
FVC, forced vital capacity; HR, heart rate; IMT, inspiratory muscle training; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction; NR, not reported; RM, repetition maximum; ST, strength training.