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. 2025 Mar 26;25:235. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05582-z

Table 5.

General linear model based on the EF skills, participants’ age, and sex as MC predictors

SS d F p η2p
Model 13,439.0 7 13.6127  < .001 .265
Verbal working memory 18.8 1 .1334 .715 .001
Visual working memory 992.0 1 7.0334 .008 .026a
Cognitive inhibition 161.4 1 1.1441 .286 .004
Motor inhibition 5063.5 1 35.9025  < .001 .120b
Cognitive flexibility 12.6 1 0.0890 .766 .000
Age 2836.6 1 20.1126  < .001 .071b
Sex 129.5 1 .9185 .339 .003
Residuals 37,233.2 264
Total 50,672.2 271

asmall effect, b medium effect, large effects