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. 2025 Mar 10;15(3):337. doi: 10.3390/bs15030337
Construct Scale Items
Perceived Pleasure
(PP)
PP1: Interacting with AI agents will be very fun.
PP2: The actual process of using AI agents will be enjoyable.
PP3: Using AI agents will be pleasant.
Anthropomorphism
(AN)
AN1: AI agents will experience emotions.
AN2: AI agents will have consciousness.
AN3: AI agents will have minds of their own.
AN4: AI agents will have personalities.
Perceived Benefit
(PB)
PB1: AI agents will provide convenience for daily life.
PB2: AI agents will improve work efficiency and productivity.
PB3: AI agents will promote economic development.
PB4: AI agents will provide personalized services to better meet individual needs.
Perceived Knowledge
(PK)
PK1: I know AI agents very well.
PK2: Compared to most people, I have a better understanding of AI agents.
PK3: Among the people I know, I can be regarded as an “expert” in the field of AI agents.
Cognitive Trust
(CT)
CT1: AI agents will be technologically trustworthy.
CT2: The overall ability and performance of AI agents will be reliable.
CT3: AI agents will have rich and powerful domain knowledge.
CT4: AI agents will make accurate and wise decisions.
Affective Trust
(AT)
AT1: AI agents will closely follow and understand my needs in future interactions.
AT2: AI agents will provide timely assistance when I need help.
AT3: AI agents that help me with tasks will make me feel comfortable.
AT4: AI agents will demonstrate understanding and resonance with my emotional state.
Overall Trust
(OT)
OT1: AI agents will be reliable.
OT2: AI agents will be trustworthy.
OT3: Overall, I can trust AI agents in the future.
General Acceptance
(GA)
GA1: I will use AI agents in the future.
GA2: I will pay for AI agents in the future.
GA3: I will recommend AI agents to my family and friends.
GA4: Please rate your overall attitude toward future AI agents.
GA5: Please indicate your acceptability level of future AI agents.
Ethical Expectation
(EE)
EE1: I expect AI agents to provide me with sufficient information to explain their operational principle when performing tasks in the future.
EE2: I expect explanations from AI agents to be clear and easy to understand in the future.
EE3: I expect AI agents to fully demonstrate their action to me, ensuring transparency in the future.
EE4: I expect AI agents to enable me to clearly understand how they make decisions in the future.
EE5: I expect AI agents to follow the moral and ethical standards of human society in the future.
EE6: I expect AI agents to be fair, such as to ensure that every user receives support in the future.
EE7: I expect AI agents to be inclusive, such as avoiding gender discrimination in the future.
EE8: I expect AI agents to effectively protect my personal privacy and data security in the future.
Note: All items were adapted from established studies and refined based on the findings from the pre-experiment.