OS	Oxidative stress
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
PD	Parkinson’s disease
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
MS	Multiple sclerosis
CNS	Central nervous system
NMDAR	N-methyl-d-Aspartate receptor
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PON2	Paraoxonase 2
PI3K/Akt	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Epo	Erythropoietin
Gpi	Globus pallidus internus
SNr	Substantia nigra pars reticulata
Gpe	Globus pallidus externus
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
VDR	Vitamin D receptor
MAPKs	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
MDA	Malondialdehyde
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
ICH	Intracerebral hemorrhage
HO-1	Oxygenase-1
LTP	Long-term potentiation
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
CAT	Catalase
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
HIIT	High-intensity interval training
GSH	Glutathione
GSSG	Glutathione disulfide
HICT	High-intensity continuous training
EAE	Autoimmune encephalomyelitis
HIE	High-intensity exercise
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
CREB	CAMP-response element-binding protein
TrkB	Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
ARE	Antioxidant response elements
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
GLUT4	Insulin-regulated glucose transporter
BH4	Tetrahydrobiopterin
Nox	NADPH oxidase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
PKC	Protein kinase C
tVNS	Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation
PTSD	Post-traumatic stress disorder
VNS	Vagal nerve stimulation
SNS	Sympathetic nervous system
AT(1)	Angiotensin II type 1
NAD (P) H	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
RVLM	Rostral ventrolateral medulla
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis