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. 2025 Mar 17;13(3):731. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13030731
FDA Food and Drug Administration
AM Additive manufacturing
SLS Selective laser sintering
SLA Stereolithography
FDM Fused deposition modeling
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DIC Digital image correlation
GAG Glycosaminoglycans
LCST Lower critical solution temperature
UCST Upper critical solution temperature
CS Chitosan
CAD Computer-aided design
HME Hot melt extrusion
API Active pharmaceutical ingredients
PAM Pressure-assisted microsyringe
NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate
MBA N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide
HA Hyaluronic acid
ADA-GEL-PPy Gelatin-content oxidized alginate-gelatin polypyrrole
L-PRF Lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin
HAP Hydroxyapatite
CN+HAMA Cellulose nanofibers and hyaluronic acid methacrylate
PCL Polycaprolactone
PDA Polydopamine
CFZ Cefazolin
RFP Rifampicin
CNFs Cellulose nanofibers
PHB/PCL Poly-hydroxybutyrate/poly(ε-caprolactone)
OKGM/PEI Oxidized konjac glucomannan/polyethyleneimine
CNTs Carbon nanotubes
TFNA Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid
SMSCs Synovial mesenchymal stem cells
AC Articular cartilage
pNPP p-nitrophenyl phosphate
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
OHA Oxidized hyaluronate
GC Glycol chitosan
ADH Adipic acid dihydrazide
hBMSCs Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell
MHBC Methacrylated Hydroxylbutyl Chitosan
GO Graphene oxide
GEL Gelatin
ALG Alginate
NFC Fibrillated cellulose
CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose
TS Tensile strength
CS Compressive strength
FS Flexural strength
CLPs Colloidal lignin particles
DCM Dichloromethane
2-Bu 2-butoxy ethanol
DBP Dibutyl phthalate
PLLA Poly(L-lactide)
CHWs Chitin whiskers
DIW Direct ink writing
CP CHWs/PLLA
TOCNFs (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradi-cal)-mediated oxidized cellulose nano-fibrils