ACC	American College of Cardiology
ADA	American Diabetes Association
AHI	Apnea–hypopnea index
AHA	American Heart Association
ASCVD	Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASMR	Age-standardized mortality rate
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMI	Body mass index
BP	Blood pressure
CAD	Coronary artery disease
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CRHM	Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic syndrome
DASH	Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
DPP4i	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
EAPC	European Association of Preventive Cardiology
EASD	European Association for the Study of Diabetes
EASO	European Association for the Study of Obesity
ECG	Electrocardiogram
ESC	European Society of Cardiology
FHH	Functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
GDMT	Guideline-directed medical therapy
GIP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1RA	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HF	Heart failure
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HR	Hazard ratio
IGF-I	Insulin-like growth factor-I
LDL-C	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MHT	Menopausal hormone therapy
MHDS	Multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NT-proBNP	N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide
OSA	Obstructive sleep apnea
PAD	Peripheral artery disease
PCOS	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCSK9	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
PAP	Positive airway pressure
POI	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
RMR	Resting metabolic rate
SGLT2i	Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
siRNA	Small interfering RNA
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TTh	Testosterone therapy
TZD	Thiazolidinedione
VO2 max	Maximum oxygen consumption