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. 2025 Mar 17;17(6):1008. doi: 10.3390/cancers17061008
ABC ATP-Binding Cassette
ADC Antibody–Drug Conjugate
AFH Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
AI Artificial Intelligence
AKT Protein Kinase B
ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
ALK Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
ALV Avian Leukosis Virus
AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia
APC Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
AS-PCR Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction
BAD Bcl-2-Associated Death Promoter
BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guerin
BCRP Breast Cancer Resistance Protein
Bcl-2 B-cell Lymphoma-2
bp Base Pairs
BRCA1 Breast Cancer Gene 1
CAF Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
CAD Computer-Aided Diagnoses
CAR Chimeric Antigen Receptor
Cas9 CRISPR-associated Endonuclease 9
Cas9n Cas9 Mutant Nickase
CCNE Cyclin E
CDK Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
CDKN2A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A
cDNA Complementary DNA
c-MYC Cellular Myelocytomatosis Oncogene
CKI Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
CML Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
CNV Copy Number Variations
CRS Cytokine Release Syndrome
CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
CTNNB1 Catenin-Beta-1
CTCs Circulating Tumor Cells
ctDNA Circulating Tumor DNA
DAMP Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
DC Dendritic Cell
DEL Double-Expression Lymphoma
DLBCL Large B-cell Lymphoma
DNMT DNA Methyltransferase
DVL Disheveled Protein
ECM Extracellular Matrix
EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
EFGR Epidermal Growth Factor
ELCAP Early Lung Cancer Action Program
EMT Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
ERK Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase
EWSR1 EWS RNA-Binding Protein 1
EVs Extracellular Vesicles
FACS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
FASTK Fas-Activated Serine/Threonine Kinase
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FFPE Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded
FL Follicular Lymphoma
FOXO Forkhead Box O
GAC Gastric Adenocarcinoma
GADD45 Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible 45
GEF Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
GEJ Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
GIST Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
GOF Gain of Function
GSK-3β Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β
H2AW H2A.W Histone
H3K27me3 Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 27
HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HER2 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
HL Hodgkin Lymphoma
HPV Human Papillomavirus
HR+ Hormone Receptor Positive (Estrogen and Progesterone)
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
EEF1D Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Delta
IFNγ Interferon gamma
IGF-1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
IGFALS Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Acid Labile Subunit
IL-2 Interleukin 2
kbp Kilobase Pairs
LIDC Lung Image Database Consortium
LOF Loss of Function
LOH Loss of Heterozygosity
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
mbp Megabase Pairs
MCL Mantle Cell Lymphoma
mCRPC Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
MDM2 Murine Double Minute 2
MDMX Murine Double Minute X
MEK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
ML Machine Learning
MMEJ Microhomology-Mediated End Joining
miRNA MicroRNAs
MLH1 MutL Protein Homolog 1
MM Multiple Myeloma
MMPs Matrix Metalloproteinases
MRP Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
MRD Minimal Residual Disease
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
mTORC2 mTOR Complex 2
NGS Next-Generation Sequencing
NK Natural Killer
NMIBC Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
NSCLC Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
PARP1 Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
PLAT Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator
PDK1 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1
POLQ DNA Polymerase Theta
POLR3K RNA Polymerase III Subunit K
PP1 Protein Phosphatase
PRC2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
PTCL Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
PTEN Phosphate and Tensin Homolog
PTPRN Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type N
p21 CDKN1A
pNET Primitive Neuro-Ectodermal Tumor
RCC Renal Cell Carcinoma
RIT Radioimmunotherapy
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RSV Rous Sarcoma Virus
RTK Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
sgRNA Single Guide RNA
SSB Single-Stranded Breaks
SNP Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
SNV Single Nucleotide Variants
TAM Tumor-Associated Macrophage
TAA Tumor-Associated Antigen
TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas
TGFβ1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1
TNBC Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
TSA Tumor-Specific Antigen
TS Targeted Sequencing
TME Tumor Microenvironment
T-VEC Talimogene Laherparepvec
VAF Variant Allele Frequency
VCAN Versican
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
WES Whole Exome Sequencing
WGS Whole Genome Sequencing
WHO World Health Organization