Algorithm 1: The electoral process
1:	For each voter or follower
2:	Update the voter or follower according to Equation (5) or Equation (6).
3:	Calculate the individual fitness with the custom cost function and update the individual pbest.
4:	Update the support rate according to Equation (3).
5:	If the support rate of the voter is over fixed value, then change this voter to follower.
6:	End
7:	Calculate the competition rate according to Equation (2).
8:	For each candidate
9:	If random value <= competition rate
10:	Update the candidate with competition according to Equation (4).
11:	Else
12:	Update the candidate without competition according to Equation (4).
13:	End
14:	Calculate the individual fitness with the custom cost function and update the individual pbest.
15:	End
16:	Reselect the leader and candidates.
17:	If any candidate changes, then change its followers to voters.