Bragg Peak	A phenomenon in proton therapy where the radiation dose is deposited at a specific depth, minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissue
Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI)	A radiation volume that encompasses the entire brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid
CyberKnife®	A frameless stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) system utilizing linear accelerator and robotic arm
Flash Radiotherapy (FLASH-RT)	An emerging high-dose, ultra-fast radiation therapy technique that aims to minimize normal tissue damage while effectively treating tumors
Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy (FSRT)	A precise stereotactic radiation delivered over multiple treatment sessions
Gamma Knife®	A dedicated stereotactic radiosurgery system that uses multiple cobalt-60 sources producing a narrow beam of gamma radiation
Hippocampal Avoidance (HA) Radiotherapy	A technique that reduces radiation exposure to the hippocampus to preserve cognitive function
Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT)	A form of proton therapy that modulates the radiation dose to better conform to the tumor shape
Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)	A photon-based radiation therapy technique that modulates the radiation dose to better conform to tumor shape
Linear Accelerator (LINAC)	Radiation machine that accelerates electron to generate therapeutic photon or electron
Linear Energy Transfer (LET)	A measure of the amount of energy deposited by radiation as it travels through tissue.
Passive Scatter Proton Therapy (PSPT)	A method of delivering proton therapy where a narrow beam is scattered to create a broader treatment field
Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS)	A method of delivering proton therapy technique that uses a magnet to steer narrow beam over treatment volume
Proton Arc Therapy (PAT)	A developing technique that delivers proton radiation continuously in an arc, similar to volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with photons
Proton Beam Therapy (PBT)	A form of radiation therapy that uses protons instead of photons to deliver targeted radiation, reducing damage to surrounding normal tissues
Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)	A factor used to compare the effectiveness of different types of radiation in causing biological damage
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)	A precise radiation technique used for tumors outside the brain, delivering high-dose radiation in fewer fractions
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)	A high-dose, single-session radiation therapy technique used for treating small brain tumors with precision
Theranostics	A treatment approach that combines diagnostics and therapy, often using radiopharmaceuticals to both image and treat tumors
Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)	A photon-based radiation therapy technique that delivers continuous radiation while the treatment machine rotates around the patient
Whole Ventricular Radiotherapy (WVRT)	A radiation approach that targets the entire ventricular system while minimizing radiation exposure to brain parenchyma