| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| AKI | acute kidney injury |
| ALI | acute lung injury |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| BALF | bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| CLP | ligation and perforation of the cecum |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| FiO2 | fraction of inspired oxygen |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| i.m. | intramuscular |
| i.p. | intraperitoneal |
| i.t. | intratracheal |
| i.v. | intravenous |
| ICAM-1 | intercellular adhesion molecule-1 |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| IFN | interferon |
| IL | interleukin |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| LIS | lung injury score |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MCP | monocyte chemoattractant protein |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinases |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NETs | neutrophil extracellular traps |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| NLRP3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 |
| NT | nitrotyrosine |
| OA | oleic acid |
| OTZ | L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate |
| p.o. | (per)oral |
| PAF | platelet-activating factor |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| PAMPs | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| PaO2 | arterial partial pressure of oxygen |
| PEEP | positive end-expiratory pressure |
| RAGE | receptor for advanced glycation end products |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| SP | surfactant protein |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-beta |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TMPRSS | transmembrane protease serine |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| VAP | ventilator-associated pneumonia |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VILI | ventilator-induced lung injury |
| vWF | von Willebrand factor |