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. 2025 Mar 15;26(6):2657. doi: 10.3390/ijms26062657
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
AKI acute kidney injury
ALI acute lung injury
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
CLP ligation and perforation of the cecum
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
CRP C-reactive protein
eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen
G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GSH glutathione
i.m. intramuscular
i.p. intraperitoneal
i.t. intratracheal
i.v. intravenous
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1
ICU intensive care unit
IFN interferon
IL interleukin
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
LIS lung injury score
LPS lipopolysaccharide
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein
MDA malondialdehyde
MMP matrix metalloproteinases
MPO myeloperoxidase
NAC N-acetylcysteine
NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NETs neutrophil extracellular traps
NF-κB nuclear factor-kappa B
NLRP3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
NO nitric oxide
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2
NT nitrotyrosine
OA oleic acid
OTZ L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate
p.o. (per)oral
PAF platelet-activating factor
PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PaO2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end products
RNA Ribonucleic acid
ROS reactive oxygen species
SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
SOD superoxide dismutase
SP surfactant protein
TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta
TLR Toll-like receptor
TMPRSS transmembrane protease serine
TNFα tumor necrosis factor-alpha
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VILI ventilator-induced lung injury
vWF von Willebrand factor