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. 2025 Mar 20;13(6):677. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13060677
VAS Visual Analogue Scale
WHO World Health Organization
LBP Low Back Pain
NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
CLBP Chronic Low Back Pain
COX Cyclooxygenase
GABAA Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor
API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
EU European Union
RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
RoB2 Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 Tool
NOS Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
GRADE Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations
ODI Oswestry Disability Index
ODQ Oswestry Disability Questionnaire
IM Intramuscular
AE Adverse Event
ITT Intention-To-Treat
VNS Visual Numeric Scale
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NRS Numerical Rating Scale
FFD Finger-to-Floor Distance
FDC Fixed-Dose Combination
SPID Sum of Pain Intensity Difference
DN4 Douleur Neuropathique score
SD Standard Deviation
CI Confidence Interval
TEAE Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event
MID Minimally Important Difference
GI Gastrointestinal
CNS Central Nervous System