10-MDP: 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphosphate A174: γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane Coupling factor A174: g-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane 2EMATE-BDI: 2-hydroxy-1-ethyl methacrylate 4-AETA: 4-acryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride 4-AET: 4-acryloylethyl trimellitic acid 4-META: 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride 4-MET: 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitic acid AMPS: 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid BAADA: N,N′-bis(acrylamido) 1,4-diazepane Bis-EMA: ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidyl methacrylate Bis-MEP: bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate BMAAPMA: N,N-Bis[(3-methylaminoacryl)propyl]methylamine BPDM: biphenyl dimethacrylate or 4,40-dimethacryloyloxyethyloxycarbonylbiphenyl-3,30-dicarboxylic acid BPO: benzoyl peroxide (redox initiator) BS acid: benzenesulfinic acid sodium salt (redox initiator) CQ: camphorquinone or camphoroquinone or 1.7.7-trimethylbicyclo-[2,2,1]-hepta-2,3-dione (photo-initiator) DC: Double bond conversion DEBAAP: N,N-Diethyl-1,3-bis(acrylamido)propane Di-HEMA phosphate: di-2-hydroxyethyl methacryl hydrogenphosphate DMAEMA: dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate EAEPA: ethyl 2-[4-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)-2-oxabutyl]acrylate EGDMA: ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate EM: Elastic modulus F-PRG: full reaction type pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers FBMA: fluorinated diluent 1 H,1 H-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate FDMA: fluorinated dimethacrylate FM: Flexural modulus FS: Flexural strength GDMA: glycerol dimethacrylate GPDM: glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate HDDMA: 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate HEMA: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate IBMA: isobornyl methacrylate MA: methacrylic acid MAC-10: 11-methacryloyloxy-1,10-undecanedicarboxylic acid MAEPA: 2,4,6 trimethylphenyl 2-[4-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)-2-oxabutyl]acrylate MDPB: methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide MF8P: 6-methacryloxy-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexyl dihydrogen phosphate NaF: sodium fluoride Na2SiF6: disodium hexafluorosilicate NPG-GMA: N-phenylglycine glycidyl methacrylate NTG-GMA: N-tolylglycine glycidyl methacrylate or N-(2-hydroxy-3-((2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)propyl)-N-tolyl glycine PEGDMA: polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate PEM-F: pentamethacryloyloxyethylcyclohexaphosphazene monofluoride PENTA: dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate monophosphate Phenyl-P: 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)phenyl hydrogenphosphate PMDM: pyromellitic diethylmethacrylate or 2,5-dimethacryloyloxyethyloxycarbonyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid PMGDM: pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate or 2,5-bis(1,3-dimethacryloyloxyprop-2-yloxycarbonyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid POSS nano-particulates: polyhedral oligomer silsesquioxanes QAUDMA-m: quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate derivative (QAUDMA-m, where m was 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and corresponded to the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl substituent) SBS: Shear bond strength SiO2 nanofiber fillers: silicon dioxide nanofibers TBS: Tensile bond strength TE-EGDMA: tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate TEG-DVBE: triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate TMAAEA: Tris[(2-methylaminoacryl)ethyl]amine TMPTMA: trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate UDMA: urethane dimethacrylate or 1,6-di(methacryloyloxyethylcarbamoyl)-3,30,5-trimethylhexane

VS: Volumetric shrinkage WS: Water sorption WSL: Water solubility