Figure 5.

Right knee angiography in a 57-year-old female with hemarthrosis and recurrent painful knee approximately 3 years after total knee arthroplasty. Note significant periarticular hyperemia in the territories of lateral superior (black arrow), lateral inferior (white arrow), medial superior (black arrowhead), and medial inferior (white arrowhead) genicular arteries in the pre-embolization digital subtraction angiography (A). After selective embolization of the respective branches with 100–300 μm and 300–500 μm embolic beads to near stasis, there is a significant reduction in periarticular hyperemia on post-embolization digital subtraction angiography (B). On post-embolization follow-up, there was a significant reduction in the patient’s knee pain, and there was no recurrence of hemarthrosis.