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. 2025 Mar 19;18(6):1364. doi: 10.3390/ma18061364
FE Finite element
MJC Modified Johnson–Cook
BLV Ballistic limit velocity
SRB Smooth round bar
NRB Notch round bar
UTM Universal testing machine
DIC Digital image correlation
SHPB Split Hopkinson pressure bar
GL Gauge length
PEEQ Equivalent plastic strain
F Force
U Displacement
Ud Diameter reduction
u f Fracture displacement
εf Fracture strain
A0 Initial cross-sectional area
d0 Initial diameter
df Fracture diameter
Ψ Reduction of area
σ True stress
σu Ultimate tensile strength
σe Engineering stress
εe Engineering strain
t Time
C0 Elastic wave velocity
εi Strain caused by the incident wave
εr Strain caused by the reflected wave
εt Strain caused by the transmitted wave
εeq Equivalent plastic strain
ε˙eq Dimensionless strain rate
ε˙ Strain rate
T* Dimensionless temperature
E Modulus of elasticity
ν Poisson’s ratio
ρ Density
A Yield stress
α Strain hardening parameter
B Strain hardening parameter
n Strain hardening parameter
Q Strain hardening parameter
C1 Strain hardening parameter
e0 Strain hardening parameter
C1 Strain hardening parameter
C2 Strain hardening parameter
C Strain hardening parameter
ε˙0 Reference strain rate
p Thermal softening coefficients
m Thermal softening coefficients
T0 (K) Room temperature
Tm (K) Melting temperature
Cp (J/kg K) Specific heat
η Stress triaxiality
η¯av Average stress triaxiality
D1D5 Parameters of the MJC fracture criterion
V0 Initial velocity
Vr Residual velocity
Vbl Ballistic limit velocity