Figure 2.

Main methods for assessing sarcopenia in dialysis patients. This figure presents an overview of methods used to assess sarcopenia in dialysis patients, categorized into anthropometric measurements (muscle circumference, BMI, skinfold thickness), skeletal muscle mass evaluation (bioelectrical impedance analysis, DEXA, CT, MRI, and ultrasound), functional performance tests (hand-grip strength, dynamometer, timed up-and-go, sit-to-stand test, incremental shuttle walk test, and six-minute walk test). Surrogate biomarkers associated with sarcopenia, including inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF, C-reactive protein), myostatin, and insulin-like growth factor are also highlighted.