Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included in the review.

Author, Year	Country	Disease	Population Included	Number of Patients	Outcomes Evaluated
Tabatabai S. et al., 2024 [33]	Iran	CF	Children and adults	40	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, pulmonary function, and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
Ray KJ. et al., 2022 [34]	Italy	CF	Children	49	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, pulmonary function, inflammatory biomarkers, and intestinal microbiota composition.
Bilan N. et al., 2020 [35]	Iran	CF	Children	40	Health-related quality of life.
Bilan N. et al., 2020 [36]	Iran	CF	Children	36	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, and pulmonary function.
Freitas D. et al., 2018 [37]	Brazil	CF	Children	41	Pulmonary function and inflammatory biomarkers.
Bruzzese E. et al., 2018 [38]	Italy	CF	Children	81	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, and pulmonary function.
Van Biervliet. et al., 2018 [39]	Belgium	CF	Children	31	Pulmonary function, pulmonary exacerbations, and inflammatory biomarkers.
Del campo R et al., 2014 [40]	Spain	CF	Children and adults	30	Inflammatory biomarkers, intestinal microbiota composition, quality of life, and adverse effects.
Bruzzese E. et al., 2014 [41]	Italy	CF	Children	22	Inflammatory biomarkers and intestinal microbiota composition.
Di Nardo G. et al., 2014 [42]	Italy	CF	Children and adults	60	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, inflammatory biomarkers, and pulmonary function.
Jafari S. et al., 2013 [43]	Iran	CF	Children	37	Pulmonary exacerbations and health-related quality of life.
Fallahi G. et al., 2013 [44]	Iran	CF	Children	47	Inflammatory biomarkers.
Bruzzese E. et al., 2007 [45]	Italy	CF	Children and adults	38	Pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalizations, and pulmonary function.

CF: cystic fibrosis.