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. 2025 Mar 10;18(6):1232. doi: 10.3390/ma18061232
L Length of geometric (m) α Electrical transfer coefficient
W Width of geometric (m) σA Specific surface area (m1)
H Height of geometric (m) θ Excess potential (V)
u Fluid velocity (ms1) η Overpotential (V)
I Current density (Am2) Subscripts and superscripts
F Faraday constant (96,487 C mol1) gdl Gas diffusion layer
j Transition current density (Am3) r Rib
M Molecular weight (kg mol1) m Membrane
Fu Force term (kg/m2s2) c Gas channel
w Mass fraction (%) e Electrode
xk Mole fraction (%) H2 Hydrogen
g External force (m s2) O2 Oxygen
D Mass diffusivity m2s1 N2 Nitrogen
R Universal gas constant (8.314 mol1K1) H2O Water
T Temperature (K) s Solid
C Molar concentration (mol m3) a Anode
P Pressure (Pa) c Cathode
Eeq Equilibrium potential (V) Bulk condition
Rs Internal resistance (Ω1cm2) o Standard condition
Greek symbols i Species index
ρ Density (kg m3) loc Location
ε Porosity eff Effective
μ Dynamic viscosity (kg m1s1) ref Reference
κ Permeability (m2) k Species index independently of i
βF Forchheimer drag option (kg1m4) cl Catalytic electrode
σ Conductivity (S m1) l Liquid
ϕ Phase potential (V) f Fin