| 5-CSRTT | 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. |
| ACC | Anterior Cingulate Cortex |
| ADHD | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| BD | Bipolar Disorder |
| BIS | Barratt Impulsiveness Scale |
| BOS | Behavioral Observation Scale |
| BPD | Borderline Personality Disorder |
| CBT | Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy |
| CM | Contingency Management |
| DAT | Dopamine Transporter |
| DBT | Dialectical Behavior Therapy |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition |
| DSM-5-TR | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Text Revision |
| fMRI | Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| HiTOP | Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology |
| MBT | Mentalization-Based Therapy |
| MPH | Methylphenidate |
| NE | Norepinephrine |
| NET | Norepinephrine Transporter |
| OFC | Orbitofrontal Cortex |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| PFC | Prefrontal Cortex |
| RDoC | Research Domain Criteria |
| RCT | Randomized Controlled Trial |
| SST | Stop-Signal Task |
| STEPPS | Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving |
| SUD | Substance Use Disorder |
| VMAT2 | Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 |