AMR	antimicrobial resistance
MDR	multi-drug resistant
DALYs	disability-adjusted life years
ARGs	antibiotic resistance genes
WHO	World Health Organization
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
ACOG	American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
IAP	intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis
GBS	Group B Streptococcus
NICU	neonatal intensive care unit
SCFA	short-chain fatty acid
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization
WOAH	World Organization for Animal Health
GAP	Global Action Plan
CARB	Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
Mngs	Metagenomic next-generation sequencing
ARBs	antibiotic-resistant bacteria
BSI	Blood stream infection
scRNA-seq	Single-cell RNA-seq
IBS	irritable bowel syndrome
IBS-D	irritable bowel syndrome
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplantation