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. 2025 Mar 18;17(6):1058. doi: 10.3390/nu17061058
CKD Chronic kidney disease
RRTs Renal replacement therapies
DM Diabetes mellitus
HT Hypertension
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DN Diabetic nephropathy
CVD Cardiovascular disease
ESRD End-stage renal disease
GFR Glomerular filtration rate
HD Hemodialysis
PD Peritoneal dialysis
NF-κB Nuclear transcription factor kappa B
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IS Indoxyl sulfate
ADMA Asymmetric dimethylarginine
NO Nitric oxide
DKD Diabetic kidney disease
SIRT1 Sirtuina 1
HMGB1 High Mobility Group Box 1
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
CKD-5D Chronic kidney disease stage 5 on dialysis
NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
C3G Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
ACR Albumin/creatinine ratio
GSH Glutathione
Del-3-sa-5-glu Delphinidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside
Del-3,5-diglu Delphinidin-3, 5-diglucoside
Ci-3-sa-5-glu Cyanidine-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside
Ci-3,5-diglu Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside
Del-3-sa Delphinidin-3-sambubioside
Del- 3-glu Delphinidin-3-glucoside
Ci-3-sa Cyanidin-3-sambubioside
Ci-3-glu Cyanidin-3-glucoside
ORAC Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity
TPs Total phenols
TFs Total flavonoids
Ox-LDLs Oxidized low-density lipoproteins
NOS Newcastle-Ottawa scale
RoB Risk of Bias Tool
RCTs Randomized controlled trials