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. 2025 Mar 6;18(3):377. doi: 10.3390/ph18030377
BZYQF BuZhong YiQi Formula
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus
PG parotid gland
SMG submandibular gland
SLG sublingual gland
TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine
GO Gene Ontology
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
sAA and AMY1 salivary alpha-amylase
IL-6 interleukin-6
TNF tumor necrosis factor
PKA protein kinase A
IP3R inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
β1-AR β1 adrenergic receptor
AQP5 aquaporin-5
CHRM3 cholinergic receptor
FBG fasting blood glucose
TC total cholesterol
TG triglyceride
Ach acetylcholine
FINS fasting serum insulin
MH metformin hydrochloride