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. 2025 Mar 10;25(6):1722. doi: 10.3390/s25061722
MEC Mobile edge computing
UDN Ultra-dense network
MD Mobile device
SBS Small base station
LEA Local execution all
OA Offloading all
LYMOC Lyapunov–MILP-based optimal cost
LYMSD Lyapunov–MILP-based short distance