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. 2025 Mar 13;17(3):366. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17030366
HDF XOs exosomes derived from three-dimensional spheroids
3D three-dimensional
CD47 cluster of differentiation 47
CD74 cluster of differentiation 74
CD206 cluster of differentiation 206
CTE chronic traumatic encephalopathy
DC dendritic cells
DF-Ex dermal fibroblasts exosomes
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
ECM extracellular matrix
sEVs small extracellular vesicles
FDA food and drug administration
FGF fibroblast growth factors
HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cell
IL-6 interleukin-6
IL-1β interleukin-1 beta
iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
LPS lipopolysaccharides
MALAT1 metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
MEMS micro electro mechanical systems
MFGE8 milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8
miRNA micro ribonucleic acid
MMP-1 matrix metalloproteinase-1
MPS mononuclear phagocyte system
MOFs metal-organic frameworks
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSC mesenchymal stem cell
NPWT negative pressure wound therapy
PEG poly(ethylene glycol)
ROS reactive oxygen species
SMAD3 suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 3
TBI traumatic brain injury
TES traumatic encephalopathy syndrome
TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta
TGFβR transforming growth factor beta receptor
TIME tissue, inflammation/infection, moisture, edge
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TWA triangle of wound assessment
UV ultraviolet
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
Wnt3a wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A