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. 2025 Mar 24;11:e2756. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2756

Table 5. Test loss values obtained as a result of experiments to determine the next best AFs.

Model Experiment Previous best AFs Epoch Next AF
ReLU ELU SELU Mish SiLU GELU
VGG16 Exp1 SELU 1 0.5176 0.5686 0.5154 0.5488 0.5974
2 0.5863
3 0.5659
ReLU 1 0.5669 0.8879 0.5360 0.5024 0.5180
2 0.5193 0.6527
3 0.6220
4 0.5375
Mish 1 0.5685 0.6889 0.7069 0.5997 0.5727
2 0.6410 0.5970
3 0.5883
Exp2 ELU 1 0.5168 0.5886 0.5549 0.5565 0.5648
2 0.5424
SELU 1 0.5955 0.5296 0.6120 0.5394 0.5688
2 0.5555 0.5665 0.5379 0.5490
ReLU 1 0.7453 0.9466 0.5607 0.5521 0.5671
2 0.5835 0.6856
3 0.5711 0.5991
4 0.5508
Exp3 ReLU 1 0.6359 0.6902 0.5166 0.5393 0.5562
2 0.5564 0.5660 0.5208
GELU 1 0.5698 0.8151 1.0327 0.5688 0.5495
2 0.5771 0.6736 0.5681
3 0.5500 0.6185
4 0.5921
ELU 1 0.5722 0.5233 0.5318 0.5265 0.5046
2 0.5171
DenseNet121 Exp1 GELU 1 0.5478 0.9620 1.2328 0.9561 0.6372
2 0.7391 1.1520 0.7870
3 0.8254 1.3142 0.6893
4 1.0896 1.0417 0.7205
5 0.7031 1.2832 0.6803
6 1.2325
7 1.5440
8 0.8618
ReLU 1 1.5544 1.2104 0.9347 0.8831 0.8520
2 0.9110 1.0741 0.7624 0.7925 0.7353
3 0.9521 1.0381 0.7525 0.6902 0.6069
4 1.1389 1.2686 1.0301 0.6127 0.7015
5 0.9409 1.2387 0.8243 0.7614 0.6703
6 0.9092 0.9237 0.6854 0.7430 0.5824
7 0.8348 1.0289 0.7646 0.6335
8 0.8329 0.8830 0.6800 0.6071
9 0.7013 1.0159 0.6325 0.5949
10 0.8792 0.7960
11 0.8068
12 0.8731
13 0.7015
14 0.6589
SiLU 1 0.6180 1.1109 1.7046 0.7340 0.6514
2 0.7586 1.2093 0.7088
3 0.6890 0.9131
Exp2 GELU 1 0.5539 0.8230 1.3235 0.7502 0.6129
2 1.0572 1.1054 0.6783
3 0.8220 1.0143 0.6193
4 0.8454 0.9445
5 0.7590 0.8853
6 0.7906 0.9024
7 0.7254 0.9238
8 1.1919
9 1.1035
10 0.8324
ReLU 1 1.0134 1.2213 0.9434 0.8702 0.9008
2 0.9379 1.1288 0.7861 0.8505 0.7791
3 1.0422 0.9406 0.6726 0.9180 0.6313
4 0.9784 1.0536 0.9586 0.6715 0.6604
5 0.8998 1.1468 0.7218 0.5984 0.7107
6 0.8033 0.9460 0.7172 0.6131
7 0.8312 0.8926 0.8329 0.6058
8 0.7211 0.9610 0.6197 0.5496
9 0.8678
SiLU 1 0.6232 0.9390 1.5974 0.7148 0.6366
2 0.8063 1.1322
3 1.0008 0.9104
4 0.7552 0.9664
5 0.8774 1.0150
6 0.8153 1.1679
7 0.7441 0.8454
Exp3 ReLU 1 1.1103 1.1455 0.9927 1.1415 0.9124
2 1.3042 1.1690 0.8607 0.8905 0.6170
3 0.8980 1.1342 0.7389 0.6987 0.7598
4 0.8322 0.9823 0.6869 0.6999 0.6880
5 0.8283 0.9458 0.6260 0.7668 0.5713
6 1.0211 1.3660 0.6776 0.5890
7 0.8523 0.9618 0.6410
8 0.8341 1.2932 0.7156
9 0.8244 0.9192 0.8070
10 0.8018 0.7769 0.6258
11 0.6888
12 0.7590
13 0.6685
Mish 1 0.5551 0.8781 0.9893 0.6514 0.6946
2 0.9072 0.9175 0.6533
3 0.8157
4 0.7380
GELU 1 0.5971 0.8531 1.3561 0.6342 0.9523
2 0.8778 1.0365 0.7361
3 0.9276 0.7168
4 0.8790 0.7327
5 0.9445 0.7413
6 0.7341 0.6974