Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Overall (n = 118) | MicroShock (n = 61) | OptimaCC (n = 57) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 69 (60–77) | 70 (65–77) | 67 (55–77) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 70 (59%) | 32 (52%) | 38 (67%) |
| Female | 48 (41%) | 29 (48%) | 19 (33%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 (22.5–28.1) [n = 115] | 27.0 (23.1–30.4) | 25.4 (22.3–27.4) [n = 54] |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 54 (46%) | 40 (66%) | 14 (25%) |
| Diabetes | 30 (25%) | 24 (39%) | 6 (11%) |
| Smoker | 19/94 (20%) | 9/37 (24%) | 10 (18%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 42/116 (36%) | 38/59 (64%) | 4/57 (7%) |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 90 (72–115) [n = 117] | 85 (71–117) [n = 60] | 94 (75–115) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 103 (90–122) [n = 117] | 100 (84–122) [n = 60] | 104 (95–123) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 60 (50–68) [n = 117] | 61 (50–67) [n = 60] | 59 (48–69) |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 73 (64–86) [n = 116] | 72 (62–79) [n = 60] | 76 (68–88) [n = 56] |
| CI at H0 (L/min/m2) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) [n = 110] | 1.8 (1.3–2.1) [n = 56] | 1.9 (1.7–2.6) [n = 54] |
| CPI at H0 (W/m2) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) [n = 110] | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) [n = 56] | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) [n = 54] |
| LVEF (%) | 30 (20–40) [n = 109] | 25 (20–38) [n = 57] | 34 (25–40) [n = 52] |
| Ischemic cause | 74 (63%) | 19 (31%) | 55 (96%) |
| Arterial lactate (mmol/L) | 3.4 (1.9–6.0) [n = 110] | 3.2 (1.7–6.2) [n = 56] | 3.9 (2.3–5.7) [n = 54] |
| Cardiac arrest before inclusion | 33 (28%) | 4 (7%) | 29 (51%) |
| SCAI shock classification | |||
| SCAI classification | [n = 117] | [n = 56] | |
| B | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| C | 62 (53%) | 24 (39%) | 38 (68%) |
| D | 34 (29%) | 18 (30%) | 16 (29%) |
| E | 19 (16%) | 17 (28%) | 2 (4%) |
| Severity scores | |||
| SAPS II score | 61 (45–74) [n = 116] | 64 (50–77) [n = 60] | 56 (44–69) [n = 56] |
| SOFA score | 9 (7–11) [n = 110] | 8 (7–10) [n = 53] | 9 (8–12) |
| VIS at H0 | 39 (13–83) | 30 (5–69) | 44 (21–99) |
| Management | |||
| Assisted ventilation | 101/112 (90%) | 55 (90%) | 46/51 (90%) |
| Extra-renal purification | 27 (23%) | 18 (30%) | 9 (16%) |
| ECMO | 9 (8%) | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) |
| Outcomes | |||
| Death at 30 days | 44 (37%) | 23 (38%) | 21 (37%) |
| Death and/or ECMO at 30 days | 48 (41%) | 25 (41%) | 23 (40%) |
Categorical variables are expressed as absolute counts (%) and continuous variables as median (25th to 75th percentile). BMI = body mass index; CI: cardiac index; CPI: cardiac power index; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; SCAI: Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; SAPS = simplified acute physiology score; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; ICU = intensive care unit; VA-ECMO = venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Values are median (1st quartile–3rd quartile) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables
*p value from Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables